Chapter 3

Question 1

Concsciousness

Answer 1

Our self awareness of ourselves and our environment.

Question 2

Fantasy prone personality

Answer 2

Trait in which a person experiences a lifelong extensive and deep involvement in fantasy, “overactive imagination”, “living in a dream world”

Question 3

Fantasy prone personality

Answer 3

Trait in which a person experiences a lifelong extensive and deep involvement in fantasy, “overactive imagination”, “living in a dream world”.

Question 4

Biological rhythms

Answer 4

The daily rhythms to many of our physiological function & activities, our sleep, body temperature, alertness, neurotransmitters, many running on a 24 hour cycle.

Question 5

Circadian rhythms

Answer 5

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms ( for example, of temperature and wakefulness ) that occur on a 24 hour cycle.

Question 6

R.E.M. Sleep

Answer 6

Rapid eye movement sleep, recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed ( except for minor twitches ) but other body systems are active.

Question 7

Alpha waves

Answer 7

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

Question 8

Hallucinations

Answer 8

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.

Question 9

Sleep

Answer 9

Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation.

Question 10

Delta waves

Answer 10

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

Question 11

Insomnia

Answer 11

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.

Question 12

Narcolepsy

Answer 12

A sleep disorder characterized by uncomfortable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into R.E.M. Sleep, often at inopportune times.

Question 13

Sleep apnea

Answer 13

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.

Question 14

Night terrors

Answer 14

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike night terrors, night terrors occurs during stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.

Question 15

Manifest content

Answer 15

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream ( as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content ).

Question 16

Latent content

Answer 16

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream ( as distinct from its manifest content ).

Question 17

R.E.M. rebound

Answer 17

The tendency for R.E.M. sleep to increase following R.E.M. sleep deprivation ( created by repeated awakenings during R.E.M. sleep ).

Question 18

Hypnosis

Answer 18

A social interaction in which one person ( the hypnotist ) suggests to another ( the subject ) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

Question 19

Posthypnotic amnesia

Answer 19

Suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.

Question 20

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 20

Concerned with the scientific study of the biological processes and aspects that underline cognition, specific focus on the neural connections in the brain which are involved in mental process.

Question 21

Change blindness

Answer 21

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed else where.

Question 22

Selective attention

Answer 22

The capacity for or process of reacting to certain stimuli selectively when several occur simultaneously.

Question 23

Inattentional blindness

Answer 23

Psychological lack of attention that is not associated with any vision defects. Even in which an individual fails to recognize an unexpected stimulus that is in plain sight.

Question 24

Posthypnotic suggestion

Answer 24

A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.

Question 25

Dissociation

Answer 25

A split in consciousness, which allow some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.

Question 26

Hidden observer

Answer 26

Protects us from doing anything in hypnosis that we would not do under any circumstance consciously, like causing someone else physical harm.

Question 27

Psychoactive drug

Answer 27

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.

Question 28

Tolerance

Answer 28

The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drugs effect.

Question 29

Withdrawal

Answer 29

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.

Question 30

Physical dependence

Answer 30

A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.

Question 31

Psychological dependence

Answer 31

A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.

Question 32

Depressants

Answer 32

Drugs ( such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates ) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.

Question 33

Stimulants

Answer 33

Drugs ( such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and ecstasy ) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

Question 34

Barbiturates

Answer 34

Any of a class of sedative and sleep - inducing drugs derived from an acid.

Question 35

Opiates

Answer 35

A drug with morphine like effects, derived from opium, narcotic sedatives that depress activity of the central nervous system, reduce pain, and induce sleep.

Question 36

Amphetamines

Answer 36

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.

Question 37

LSD

Answer 37

A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid ( lysergic acid diethyl amide ).

Question 38

THC

Answer 38

The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.

Question 39

Near-death experience

Answer 39

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death ( such as through cardiac arrest ); often similar to drug induced hallucinations.

Question 40

Addiction

Answer 40

Compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences.

Question 41

Methamphetamine

Answer 41

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes, over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.

Question 42

Dual processing

Answer 42

How a phenomenon can occur in two different processes, consisting of an implicit ( automatic ): unconsciousness, explicit ( controlled ): conscious.

Question 43

Ecstasy ( MDMA )

Answer 43

A synthetic stimulant & mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria & social intimacy, but with short - term health risks & longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognitions.

Question 44

Monism

Answer 44

Theory or doctrine that denies the existence of a distinction, such as that between matter and mind.

Question 45

Dualism

Answer 45

The division of something into two opposed or contrasted aspects, idea that the mind and brain are separate entities.