Chapter 14- Gene Transcription And RNA Modification Flashcards
(36 cards)
___________: During eukaryotic pre-mRNA processing, an enzyme-driven modification that removes the 3’ end of he pre-mRNA and adds numerous adenines.
3’ Poly-A tailing
_____________: In eukaryotic pre-mRNA processing, the addition of 7-methylguanosine to the nucleotide at the 5’ end of pre-mRNA by a triphosphate bridge. Methylation of adjacent nucleotides may also occur
5’ capping
Alternative mRNA processing
Occurs in euk. Organisms during pre-mRNA processing. Different mRNA can be produced
What are the 3 ways that alternative splicing can occur?
Using different promoters, polyadenylation sites, or by removing different exon elements
____________: the nontemplate strand of DNA that has the same 5’ to 3 polarity as its transcript and the same sequence except for the T in DNA is replaced with U from RNA
Coding strand
A nucleotide sequence in a DNA segment derived by comparing sequences of similar segments from other genes or organisms.
Consensus sequence
Exon
A nonintron segment of the coding sequence of a gene. Joined together following intron splicing, exons correspond to the mRNA sequence that is translated into a polypeptide.
In bacterial transcription, the DNA sequence-dependent mechanism for transcription termination. Inverted repeat DNA sequences induce formation of 3’ mRNA stem-loop (hairpin) structures that are followed by multiple uracils (transcribed from adenines)
Intrinsic termination
Intervening sequences between the exons of many eukaryotic genes. Present in DNA and pre-mRNA, but spliced out during pre-mRNA processing.
Introns
A form of RNA that is transcribed from a gene and subsequently translated to produce a protein
MRNA
A specific consensus sequence component of the bacterial promoter with a location centered at approximately -10 relative to the start of transcription
Pribnow box
A regulatory sequence of DNA near the 5’ end of the gene that acts as a binding location of RNA polymerase and directs RNA polymerase to the start of transcription
Promoter
The process of bacterial transcription termination involving rho protien
Rho-dependent termination
The process of post-transcriptional addition or removal of nucleotide of certain mRNAs.
RNA editing
The enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA.
RNA polymerase
Accessory protein that changes the promoter-recognition specificity of the bacterial RNA polymerase core enzyme.
Sigma subunit
The thymine and adenine rich consensus sequence region found in most eukaryotic promoters. Also known as Goldberg-Hogness box.
TATA box
The DNA strand serving as a template for synthesis of a complementary nucleic acid strand.
Template strand:
The cellular process that synthesizes RNA strands from a DNA template strand.
Transcription
Proteins that bind promoters and are functional in transcription.
Transcription factors (TFs):
How do we know that DNA turns into proteins?
The experiments of Garrod the English physician and “black pee”
What is the order from left to right of the terminator, promoter, and regulatory sequences?
RS, P, and T
Where is the ribosome binding site?
On the mRNA before the start codon
The promoter functions as a recognition site for __________ ___________
Transcription factors
