Chapter 15 Flashcards
(18 cards)
The untranslated segment of mRNA between the stop codon and the 3’ end of the transcript.
3’untranslated region:
The untranslated segment of mRNA between the 5’ end of the transcript and the start codon.
5’untranslated region:
: The site on a ribosome at which incoming charged tRNAs match their anticodon sequence with mRNA codons.
Aminoacyl site (A site)
A group of enzymes whose specific functions are to identify particular tRNAs and catalyze the attachment of the appropriate amino acid at the 3’ terminus.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (tRNA synthetase):
A tRNA when the correct amino acid has been attached
Charged tRNA
On the ribosome the site through which uncharged tRNA exits
Exit site (E)
A group of proteins, associated with the ribosome, that contribute to the ribosome assembly and translation initiation
Initiation factors
The first charge tRNA associated with the ribosome
Initiator tRNA
A specific consensus sequence of eukaryotic mRNA that contains the authentic strait codon (AUG)
Kodak sequence
The site on the ribosome where amino acids are joined by peptide bonds
Peptidyl site (P site)
In bacteria an mRNA containing the transcripts of two or more genes
Polycistronic genes
: In eukaryotes, modifications to polypeptides in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus after the completion of translation.
Posttranslational polypeptide processing
In eukaryotes, the process using the polypeptide leader sequence to designate the destination of polypeptides.
Protein sorting:
Molecules that bind mRNA stop codons and contribute to translation termination.
Release factor:
The partitioning of sequential sets of mRNA trinucleotide segments (codons) that are used in translation to determine amino acid order of a polypeptide.
Reading frame:
In bacterial translation, the 5’UTR mRNA consensus sequence that pairs with nucleotides near the 3’ end of 16S rRNA in the small ribosomal subunit to orient the start codon on the ribosome.
Shine-Dalgarno sequence:
The flexibility of purine-pyrimidine base pairing between the third base of a codon and the corresponding nucleotide of the anticodon.
Third-base wobble:
A tRNA not carrying an amino acid.
Uncharged tRNA:
