Chapter 20 Flashcards
(17 cards)
The process in which two complementary segments of DNA bind to each other.
Annealing:
The use of fluorescently labeled dideoxyribonucleotides and a fluorescence detector to sequence DNA.
Automated sequencing:
Refers to the stoppage of growth of a DNA strand, RNA strand, or polypeptide sequence.
Chain termination:
cells that can be transformed by extracellular DNA.
Competent cells:
A method of DNA sequencing that uses dideoxyribonucleotides to terminate the growth of DNA strands.
Dideoxy sequencing:
A cloning vector that contains an insert of foreign DNA
Hybrid vector
When a sequence is the same in the forward and reverse direction.
Palindromic:
A general name used to describe circular pieces of DNA that exist independently of the chromosomal DNA. Some plasmids are used as vectors in cloning experiments.
Plasmids:
The method to amplify a DNA region involving the sequential use of oligonucleotide primers and Taq polymerase.
Polymerase chain reaction:
Molecules that are produced in a test tube by covalently linking DNA fragments from two different sources.
Recombinant DNA molecules:
The use of in vitro molecular techniques to isolate and manipulate different pieces of DNA.
Recombinant DNA technology:
An endonuclease that cleaves DNA. The restriction enzymes used in cloning experiments bind to specific base sequences and then cleave the DNA backbone at two defined locations, one in each strand.
Restriction endonuclease:
An enzyme that uses an RNA template to make a complementary strand of DNA.
Reverse transcriptase:
A gene that provides a selectable phenotype in a cloning experiment. Many selectable markers are genes that confer antibiotic resistance.
Selectable marker:
When a plasmid vector or segment of chromosomal DNA is introduced into a bacterial cell.
Transformation:
When a viral vector is introduced into a bacterial cell.
Transfection:
A small segment of DNA that is used as a carrier of another segment of DNA. Vectors are used in DNA cloning experiments.
Vector:
