Chapter 14 Lab

Question 1

Bacteria can be

Answer 1

Autotrophs or heterotrophs

Question 2

Photosynthetic, obtaining energy from sunlight or chemosynthetic, breaking down inorganic substances for energy

Answer 2

Autotrophs

Question 3

breaking down inorganic substances for energy

Answer 3

chemosynthetic

Question 4

obtaining energy from sunlight

Answer 4

Photosynthetic

Question 5

Bacteria classified as this derive energy from breaking down complex organic compounds in the environment

Answer 5

Heterotrophs

Question 6

Bacteria that feed on decaying material and organic waste

Answer 6

Saprobes

Question 7

Bacteria that requires oxygen to live

Answer 7

Aerobic

Question 8

Bacteria where oxygen is deadly to them

Answer 8

Anaerobic

Question 9

“Green slime”

Answer 9

Cyanobacteria

Question 10

This is a group of bacteria that includes some that are single cells and some that are chains of cells.

Answer 10

Cyanobacteria

Question 11

This bacteria can do photosynthesis, which is the kind that makes oxygen from water. All plants do this kind of photosynthesis

Answer 11

Cyanobacteria

Question 12

The first organisms on earth to do modern photosynthesis and they made the first oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere

Answer 12

Cyanobacteria

Question 13

This certain bacteria produces antibiotics such as streptomycin and nocardicin

Answer 13

Actinomycetes

Question 14

Other bacteria live on the roots of certain plants, converting nitrogen into a useable form

Answer 14

Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

Question 15

These help to break down dead organic matter

Answer 15

Saprobes

Question 16

Bacteria have circular DNA called

Answer 16

Plasmids

Question 17

Bacteria are

Answer 17

Prokaryotic and unicellular

Question 18

Bacteria can reproduce sexually by _____ or asexually by _____

Answer 18

Conjugation ; binary fission

Question 19

Bacteria can survive unfavorable conditions by producing an

Answer 19

Endospore

Question 20

Region with DNA is called the

Answer 20

Nucleiod Region

Question 21

divides most clinically significant bacteria into two main groups, is the first step in bacterial identification

Answer 21

Gram stain

Question 22

Bacteria stained purple are

Answer 22

Gram +

Question 23

Their call walls have thick petidoglycan and teichoic acid

Answer 23

Gram +

Question 24

Bacteria stained pink are

Answer 24

Gram -

Question 25

Their cell walls have thin peptidoglycan and lipoplysaccharides with no teichoic acid

Answer 25

Gram -

Question 26

The purple crystal violet stain is trapped by the layer of peptidoglycan which forms the outer layer of the cell.

Answer 26

Gram positive bacteria

Question 27

The outer membrane of lipopolysaccharides prevents the stain from reaching the peptidoglycan layer

Answer 27

Gram negative bacteria

Question 28

The outer membrane is then permeabilized by an acetone/alcohol treatment, and the _____ is trapped by the peptidoglycan layer

Answer 28

Pink safranin counterstain

Question 29

The primary stain

Answer 29

Crystal violet

Question 30

Acts as the mordant by forming a crystal violet complex

Answer 30

Iodine

Question 31

Decolorizes

Answer 31

Alcohol

Question 32

Counterstain

Answer 32

Safranin

Question 33

Why is bacteria the perfect organisms for watching evolutionary mechanisms?

Answer 33

They have a rapid growth rate

Question 34

Some bacteria can produce a ______ in order to survive extremely harsh conditions

Answer 34

Endospore

Question 35

Bacteria have the potential to sexually reproduce but undergo ____ as their mode of reproduction

Answer 35

Binary fission

Question 36

The name of the structures that allow for bacteria to adhere to common environmental surfaces

Answer 36

Fimbriae

Question 37

This theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts were originally their own organisms but now live in a mutualistic relationship with our cells

Answer 37

Endosymbiotic

Question 38

What element does plants rely on bacteria for?

Answer 38

Nitrogen

Question 39

The part of the bacteria cell that allows for bacteria to sexually reproduce with eachother

Answer 39

Pilus or Pili

Question 40

What is the name of the DNA containing region of bacteria cell?

Answer 40

Nucleoid