Chapter 14 Packet Review Flashcards
1
Q
Ventricles
A
four cavities within the brain lined with ependymal cells
2
Q
Lateral Ventricles are separated by the?
A
septum pellucidum
3
Q
Third ventricle connects to the lateral ventricles by the?
A
interventricular foramen
4
Q
fourth ventricle connects to the 3ed by the____? and is continuous with the _____? of the spinal cord?
A
cerebral aquaduct
central canal
5
Q
Choroid plexus
A
Capillary network found within the ventricles that forms cerebral spinal fluid, the tissue fluid of the CNS
6
Q
Cerebral Spinal Fluid
A
Cushion and floats the brain
diffusion of gasses
you produce 2 cups per day, replaced every eight hours
7
Q
Arachnoid granulations
A
absords old CSF; if it is blocked it can cause hydrocephalus
8
Q
Flow of CSF?
A
lateral ventricle and third ventricle -4th ventricle - central canal of spinal cord - cranial and spinal subarachnoid spaces
9
Q
Capillary cells joined by___ in the blood brain barrier?
A
tight junctions
10
Q
Astrocytes
A
provide chemical messages to control permeability of the capillaries
11
Q
High amounts of ____ are readily transported for a constant energy supply
A
glucose
12
Q
Small amounts of what are allowed through the blood brain barrier?
A
epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine
13
Q
Blood CSF Barrier
A
specialized ependymal cells connected by tight junctions and surround choroid plexus
14
Q
4 Exception to the blood brain barrier
A
hypothalamus, posterior pituitary gland, pineal gland, choroid plexus
15
Q
Dura Mater is _____ layered? Outer layer connecting to the ___ of the skull, leaving no____?
A
double layered
periostium
epideral space
16
Q
Dura Folds
A
dura mater dips into creases of the brain
17
Q
falx cerbri
A
between cerebral hemisphere
18
Q
tentorium cerebelli
A
separates cerebrum from cerebellum
19
Q
falx cerebelli
A
cerebellar hemispheres
20
Q
arachnoid mater
A
lacy network similar to spinal cord
21
Q
pia mater
A
adheres to the surface of the brain by astrocytes, extends into folds of the brain
22
Q
3 things that protect brain tissue?
A
- meninges in the cell act as seat belt and holds brain in place
- blood brain barrier (like shatter proof glass) limits permeability
- CSF (like airbag) cushions, floats the brain and allows diffusion of necessary chemicals
23
Q
*5 functions of the medulla oblongata to KNOW?
A
- links brain to spinal cord
- regulates heart rate & force of contraction
- regulates distribution of blood flow
- sets the pace of respiratory movement
- relays and integrates visceral sensory info to the ANS
24
Q
3 functions of the pons?
A
- Receives sensory info and returns motor info to the jaw muscles, anterior surface of face, eye muscles, and internal ear
- modifies breathing rhythm set by the medulla oblongata through the apneustic and pneumotaxic centers
- Relays info to and from cerebellum
25
Autonomic processing center is the?
Cerebellum
26
Cerebellum location?
large posterior, inferior regions of the brain
27
Functions of Cerebellum?
balance and equilibrium (refines learned movement patterns to make them smooth)
28
Midbrain; superior colliculus of the corpora quadrigemina?
reflex movements of: eyes, head, neck and trunck in response to visual stimuli
29
Midbrain; Inferiour colliculus of the corpora quadrigemina?
auditory reflex, movement of head, neck and trunck in response to an auditory stimulus
30
Midbrain; Reticular activating system
makes you more alert and attentive
31
Midbrain; Subconscious control
upper limb position and muscle tone
32
Diencephalon
integrates sensory info with motor output at the subconscious level; includes the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus and pineal gland
33
Pineal Gland
endocrine structure, secretes melatonin which regulates sleep/wake cycles and reproductive cycles
34
Thalamus Location?
superior to the hypothalamus; right and left thalamus is separated by the 3rd ventricle
35
What determines the thalamus function?
thalamic nuclei groups
36
Thalamus function; Anterior group responsible for?
limbic which involves emotion and motivation
37
Thalamus function; medial group
awareness of emotions by connecting the hypothalamus to the frontal lobes
38
Thalamus Function; Ventral group relays sensory info about?
touch, pressure, pain, temperature and proprioception
39
Thalamus, anterior group?
resposible for limbic which is emotion and motivation
40
Thalamus function; Lateral group affects emotional states by connecting the____ system to the ______lobes of the cerebrum
Limbic
| Parietal
41
Hypothalamus, the_____gland?
| Location
master
in the floor of the 3rd ventricle superior to the pituitary gland; a stalk connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus
42
Mamillary bodies
"brain boobs" olefactory sensations and reflex movements associated with: eating, licking, chewing and swallowing
43
The hypothalamus can be stimulated by what 3 processes?
1. sensory info from cerebrum, brain stem, spinal cord
2. changes in the CSF and interstitial fluid
3. Chemical stimuli in blood since there is not BBB here
44
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Functions of the Hypothalamus
#1
```
subconscious control of skeletal muscle contraction (sexual movement)
45
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Functions of the Hypothalamus
#2
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adjusts/coordinates heart rate, blood pressure, respiration...
46
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Functions of the Hypothalamus
#3
```
Produces/secretes hormones that regulate hormone production in pituitary
47
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Functions of the Hypothalamus
#4
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Secretes antidiuretic hormone/keeps you hydrated. synthesizes oxytocin which stimulates muscle contractions in the reproduction organs
48
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Functions of the Hypothalamus
#5
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sweating/shivering=temp. regulation
| controls vasodialation and v-constriction
49
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Functions of the Hypothalamus
#6
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regulates hunger and thirst
50
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Functions of the Hypothalamus
#7
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Integrates ANS functions: fight or flight
51
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Functions of the Hypothalamus
#8
```
controls body rhythms like sleep and mood cycles
52
The Limbic System is your _______ system?
motivational
53
Location of Limbic system?
between cerebrum and the diencephalon; a functional grouping (not anatomical)
54
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4 Functions of the Limbic system
#1
```
Processing memories, creation of emotion and motivation
55
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Functions of the Limbic system
#2
```
Rage, fear, pain, pleasure/sexual arousal
56
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Functions of the Limbic system
#3
```
amygdala regulates heart rate, fight or flight response and links emotion with memory
57
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Functions of the Limbic system
#4
```
hipocampus=how you learn
| storage and retrival of new long term memories (like learning this shizz)
58
Cerebrum is the ___ part of the brain?
largest
59
The cerebrum has ____ _____ separated by the ____ _____?
Two hemispheres
| longitudinal fissure
60
The cerebrum is connected by the___ _____?
corpus collosum
61
Each hemisphere of the cerebrum houses a ___ ____?
lateral ventricle
62
Function of the cerebrum
Receives sensory info and sends motor info to opposite sides of the body: Two hemispheres, each with completely different functins
63
Cerebral Cortex
grey matter=cell bodies of neurons
64
grey matter
cell bodies of neurons make it grey
65
Gyri
estensive folds of cerebral oortex creates more surface area (2.5 sq.ft.)
66
Sulci
grooves between gyri
67
White matter
medula brain; myelinated axons and dendrites that connect the lobes of the cerebrum together
68
Association Fibers
connect areas of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere
69
arcuate fibers
short and curved, pass from one gyris to another
70
Longitudinal Fasicule
long association fibers that connect the frontal lobe to other lobes in the same hemisphere
71
commissural fibers
allow communication between hemispheres
72
corpus callosum
200 million neurons that connect the right and left sides of the brain
73
Projection fibers
link the cerebral cortex to the diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord
74
Basal Nuclei are paired masses of ____ ____ matter within the ___ ____ of the ____ ______?
gray matter
white matter
cerebral hemispheres
75
The function of the basal nuclei?
subconscious voluntary movement working in conjunction with the cerebellum
Regulates muscle tone and coordinates accessory movements (I.E. arms swinging when walking)
76
What causes Parkinson's Disease?
basal nuclei is inhibited by dopamine, if this fails the basal nuclei overreact and cause increased muscle tone
77
With Parkinson's Disease ___ movements are difficult to start because_____muscle groups do not ____
voluntary
opposing
relax (they have to be over powered)
78
The frontal lobe is located in the ___ ___ of the ___ ?
anterior half
| cerebrum
79
Function of the frontal lobe?
motor and premotor areas
80
Primary motor cortex
responsible for voluntary movement. The large portion is dedicated to precise movements of the face and hands
81
The left side of the primary motor cortex controls movement on the ____ side of the body (& visa versa)
Right
82
Premotor Cortes
learned motor movements that require a sequence of movements. It is not a reflex but you perform the task without thinking about it like tying your shoes
83
Speech Center
in Left frontal lobe, controls muscle to move mouth for speaking, breathing and vocalization
84
Prefrontal Cortex
predicts consequences of future events with feelings of: frustration, tension and anxiety (totally what you are feeling right now!)
85
Prefrontal coxtex control ____, intellectual functions, like: ___, ___, & ____
conscious
| speech, writing & math
86
Lobotomy
removal of a part of the prefrontal cortes to alleviate feeling of frustration, tension or anxiety; left w/o tact; now drugs replace this procedure
87
Parietal lobe is located ____ to frontal lobes and _____ to temporal lobes
posterior
| superior
88
Parietal lobes function is?
sensory
89
Primary sensory cortex
receives impulses from receptors in the skin to interpret changes in the environment
90
The primary sensory cortex also receives impulses from____ ____ in muscles, resulting in ____ ____ ____
stretch receptors
| conscious muscle sense
91
somatic sensory association areas
monitors activity of primary sensory cortex to help you recognize a stimulus so you can respond (mostly for face and hands)
92
The Temporal Lobe is on the ______ sides of the cerebrum
Lateral
93
The temporal lobe function?
sensory and speech
94
Olfactory areas receive impulse from the ___ ___ for ____
naval cavity
| smell
95
Auditory areas receive impulses from the ___ ___ for ___ and ____ _____
inner ear
| hearing & word recognition
96
Insula is located ____ to the ___ ____?
medial
| lateral sulcus
97
Insula's function is?
sensory
98
Gustatory Cortex
taste
99
Occipital lobe is located in the ____ section of the cerebrum, ___ to the cerebellum
posterior
| superior
100
The Occipital lobe function?
vision, spatial relationships (judging distance)
101
visual association area
interprut what it sees then sends the info to the thinking part of the cerebrum to be acted on (I.E. reading and understanding it)
102
auditory association area
interprut what it hears then sends info to thinking part of the cerebrum to be acted on
103
General interpretive areas are areas of the____ that provide ____ by integrating ___ ___ with visual and auditory memories
cerebrum
personality
sensory info
104
Hemispheric Lateralization:
| Left hemisphere?
dominant
| language based skills, reading, writing, hand movement control for right handed people, LOGIC...
105
Hemispheric Lateralization:
| Right hemisphere?
sensory relationships, id objects using senses, face recognition and emotional context for conversation
106
12 Cranial Nerves (PNS)
see other deck
oh oh oh to touch a female vagina gives vinny a hard on!
some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter most!
107
Thalamus, medial group
awareness of emotional states by connecting the hypothalamus to the frontal lobes
108
Thalamus, ventral group
relays sensory info: touch, pressure, pain, temperature and proprioception to the areas of the cerebral cortex
109
Thalamus, Posterior group
integrates sensory info to project to the association areas of the cerebral cortex; receives visual info from the optic tract and relays auditory info to cerebral cortex from the inner ear
110
Thalamus, Lateral group
affects emotional states by connecting the limbic system to the parietal lobes of the cerebrum
