Flashcards in Chapter 14: Schizophrenia Deck (80)
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1
What are the truths behind the common misconceptions of schizophrenia?
-Not a "split personality" as in two identities, but a "split mind" and shattered personality
-Not a violent disorder per se
2
What is the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia?
1% of the world's population
3
When is the onset of schizophrenia?
Usually late teens to mid 20s
4
Acute onset vs. chronic onset of schizophrenia. Which has better prognosis?
-Acute = suddenly appearing psychotic symptoms w/ good premorbid adjustment
-Chronic = slow process of steady deterioration without periods of remission and poor premorbid adjustment
-Better prognosis = acute
5
What course does schizophrenia take?
-Deterioration w/ each episode
-Treatable, but no cure
6
What is the gender ratio of schizophrenia? Exceptions?
1:1
-More younger males (under 25) first diagnosed than younger females
-More older women (40+) first diagnosed than older men
7
When are the majority of males and females diagnosed with schizophrenia?
When under 25 years old
8
List the main symptoms of schizophrenia.
-Perception = hallucinations
-Thought content = delusions
-Thought processes = formal thought disorder
-Emotion
-Motivation
-Relating to others
-Motor behavior
9
Describe the hallucinations symptom of schizophrenia.
-Involuntary sensory experiences w/o sensory stimulation and not related to external stimuli
-Mostly auditory (hearing voices), but sometimes also visual, olfactory, tactile
-Voices are realistic and heard outside of one's head
-Voices may be commenting, critical, commanding, whispering
10
Describe the delusions symptom of schizophrenia.
-False belief systems that are fixed and not open to change even when evidence contradicts them ---> called "bizarre" if not derived from ordinary experience
11
What are the most common delusions of schizophrenia?
-Persecution = paranoia
-Grandeur = grandiosity
-Reference = belief that random events are directed at oneself
-Thought broadcasting = belief that others can hear/read one's thoughts
-Delusions of mind reading = belief that one is able to read others' thoughts
12
Describe Formal Thought Disorder as a symptom of schizophrenia.
Disordered thinking manifested by:
-loosely connected thoughts
-digressive, associative speech (doesn't seem to make sense)
-impaired logic (cause and effect are reversed or inconsequential)
-concreteness (inability to abstract of understand figurative speech)
-neologisms (making up new words that don't exist in one's language)
-probs w/ selective attention (inability to distinguish important from unimportant)
13
Describe the emotional symptoms of schizophrenia.
-Agitated manic affect
-Inappropriate affect
-Flat, blunt affect
14
Describe the motivational symptoms of schizophrenia.
-Loss of interest
-Loss of enjoyment (anhedonia)
-Loss of goals (avolition)
-Loss of drive
15
Describe the relational symptoms of schizophrenia.
-Social withdrawal
-Loss of social skills
16
List the motor behavior symptoms of schizophrenia.
-Purposeless motor acts, tics, mannerisms
-Agitation, pacing
-Catatonia (motionless, frozen state, strange postures)
-Loss of complex coordination, left-right confusion
17
What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
-Hallucinations
-Delusions
-Agitation
18
What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
-Loss of logical thinking (formal thought disorder)
-Loss of coherent speech)
-Flat, blunt affect
-Anhedonia
-Avolition
-Alogia (having nothing to say in convos)
-Social withdrawal
19
What makes positive symptoms better than negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Positive symptoms are easier to treat w/ meds and generally suggest a better prognosis
20
What is the DSM-V criteria for schizophrenia?
-At least 2/5 of the following symptoms must be present, whereby at least one needs to be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized thinking
1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
3. Disorganized thinking (speech)
4. Grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior
5. Negative symptoms
-Significant deterioration of functioning in one or several areas (work, relations, self care)
-Continuous signs of disturbance persist for at least 6 months
-Symptoms not caused by substance use or a medical condition
21
What are the types of schizophrenia?
-Paranoid
-Disorganized
22
What is the main difference between paranoid and disorganized schizophrenia?
-Paranoid = prominent symptoms are mostly positive
-Disorganized = prominent symptoms are mostly negative
23
Describe paranoid schizophrenia.
-Delusions of persecution or grandeur
-Auditory hallucinations
-Paranoia-related fear, anger, hostility
-Cognitive skills remain relatively intact (no formal thought disorder)
-Responds relatively well to antipsychotic medications
-Likely to refuse meds and other treatment
24
Describe disorganized schizophrenia.
-Formal thought disorder
-Social withdrawal
-Flat or inappropriate affect
-Anhedonia, avolition, alogia
-Bizarre mannerisms
-Regressed behavior (childlike, immature)
-Inappropriate social behaviors (peeing, masturbating in public)
-Disintegration of personality
-May experience hallucinations
-No organized delusional system
-Early onset
-Poor premorbid adjustment
-Chronic course with likely brain damage
-Poor prognosis
25
What are the phases of schizophrenic illness?
-Prodromal phase
-Psychotic phase
-Resitual state
26
Define the prodromal phase of schizophrenic illness.
Approaching psychotic phase
27
Define the psychotic phase of schizophrenic illness
Full symptoms
28
Define the residual state of schizophrenic illness
-Remaining symptoms after episode
-No active delusions or hallucinations
-Similar to schizotypal personality disorder
29
What is brief psychotic disorder? Symptoms?
-Same symptoms as schizophrenia
-Symptoms last less than a month
30
