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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 14 - Workbook > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Workbook Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the exchange of gases between the body and the environment called?

A

Respiration

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2
Q

What is the opening of the nose?

A

Nostrils

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3
Q

What is another name for nares?

A

Nostrils

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4
Q

What is the voice box called?

A

Larynx

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5
Q

What are the microscopic air sacs in the lungs called?

A

Alveoli

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6
Q

What does the respiratory system consist of?

A

The lungs and the airway

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7
Q

What is the partition separating the two nasal cavities called?

A

Nasal septum

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8
Q

What are the small cavities in the bones of the skull connected with the nasal cavities called?

A

Paranasal sinuses

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9
Q

What is the windpipe called?

A

Trachea

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10
Q

What increases the surface area over which air passes as it moves through the nose called?

A

The nasal conchae

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11
Q

What is another name for the throat?

A

Pharynx

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12
Q

What is the superior part of the pharynx?

A

The nasopharynx

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13
Q

What comes after the nasopharynx, that is also apart of the pharynx?

A

oropharynx

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14
Q

What is the opening of the larynx called?

A

The glottis

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15
Q

What is the cartilage of the larynx also referred to as?

A

Adam’s apple

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16
Q

What is the name for the muscular folds of tissue that project into the larynx from its lateral walls?

A

Vocal cords

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17
Q

What is the flap of tissue that closes off the larynx during swallowing food and water called?

A

Epiglottis

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18
Q

Which part is located anterior to the oesophagus and extends from the larynx to the middle of the chest?

A

The trachea

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19
Q

How is the trachea supported?

A

C shaped rings of cartilage in its wall

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20
Q

The trachea divides into what?

A

The left and right main bronchi.

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21
Q

What happens once bronchus enters the lung, and what is it called?

A

Each bronchus branches repeatedly, and is referred to as the bronchial tree

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22
Q

What do bronchi divide into?

A

Bronchioles

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23
Q

What is the depression where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the lung called?

A

Hilus

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24
Q

What is the name for the middle of the thoracic cavity, that contains the heart, oesophagus, and thymus gland?

A

The mediastinum

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25
What is the strong, dome-shaped muscle called that is also the floor of the thoracic cavity?
Diaphragm
26
What is the space between the visceral and parietal pleura called?
Pleural cavity
27
What is the thin film that coats alveoli, that also prevents the lungs from collapsing?
Pulmonary surfactant
28
What is the portion of the pleural membrane that lines the thoracic cavity called?
The parietal pleura
29
What is a cluster of microscopic air sacs called?
alveoli
30
What forms a sac enclosing the lungs and continues as a lining of the thoracic cavity?
The pleural membrane
31
What is a part of the pleural membrane that covers the lungs called?
The visceral pleura
32
What is the movement of air in and out of the lungs called?
Pulmonary ventilation
33
What is another name for inhalation?
Inspiration
34
What is another name for exhalation?
Expiration
35
What happens during inspiration?
The diaphragm contracts flattens and moves downward. . Ribs pull out
36
What happens during expiration?
muscles relax elastic lung recoils, pressure in lungs increase.
37
What prevents the lung from collapsing with each breath?
Air sacs do not completely deflate due to the difference in pressure from outside
38
Oxyhemoglobin easily dissociates to hemoglobin and which gas?
Oxygen
39
Most carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as which ions?
Bicarbonate ions
40
Mosy hydrogen ions released from carbonic acid combines with what compound?
Hemoglobin
41
Oxygen diffuses into the blood and enters what cells?
Red blood cells
42
What is a substance that lessens the change in hydrogen ion concentration?
Chemical buffer
43
In plasma, carbon dioxide slowly combines with water to form what?
Carbonic Acid
44
Red blood cells and hemoglobin form weak chemical bonds to produce what?
Oxyhemoglobin
45
Breathing is an involuntary process regulated by respiratory centres in which part of the brain?
Medulla
46
Respiratory centres in which part of the brain control the transition from inspiration to expiration?
The pons
47
The pons can stimulate or inhibit the respiratory centre in what part of the brain?
Medulla
48
What part of the brain becomes active only when we need to breathe forcefully?
Ventral region of the medulla
49
What is it called when someone takes a series of deep inhalations and exhalations quickly?
Hyperventilating
50
What does hyperventilating do?
Blow off carbon dioxide, reducing the content in alveolar air and blood.
51
What happens when we breathe dry air?
The bronchial tubes narrow.
52
What happens when bronchial tubes narrow from breathing dry air?
It increases the chances that inhaled particles land on the mucus in the respiratory pathway.
53
Chain smokers may live in a constant state of what?
Bronchial constriction
54
What are the two chronic pulmonary diseases?
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
55
Why are smokers lungs blackened?
The regular breathing of dirty air and carbon dioxide becomes deposited in the lungs
56
What is the main cause of lung cancer?
Cigarette smoking
57
What is the correct sequence for a breath of air moving from nostrils to alveoli? (7 steps)
Nasal cavities --> Pharynx --> larnyx --> Trachea --> primary bronchus --> bronchioles --> aveoli
58
The parts of the pharynx, in order, beginning at the nasal cavities are what?
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
59
The opening into the larynx is what?
The glottis
60
The trachea is located anterior to what?
The oesophagus
61
The network of branching air passageways within the lungs is referred to as what?
The bronchial tree
62
What covers the lungs?
Visceral pleura
63
What lines the thoracic cavity?
Partial pleura
64
What helps lungs from collapsing?
Pulmonary surfactant
65
What is the floor of the thoracic cavity?
The diaphragm
66
How is pulmonary ventilation achieved?
Inspiration and expiration

Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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