Chapter 17 - Workbook Flashcards
(136 cards)
1
Q
The free end of the uterine tube is funnel-shaped and has long finger like projections called_________
A
fimbriae
2
Q
At ovulation where is the secondary oocyte released? into?
A
pelvic cavity
3
Q
Where does fertilization take place?
A
Upper one-third of the uterine tube
4
Q
What is a fertilized egg called?
A
Zygote
5
Q
As the Zygote begins development it is moved along towards the _________
A
uterus
6
Q
What does the uterus serve as for developing embryo?
A
incubator
7
Q
Where does the embryo plant itself until it is able to live independently?
A
uterine wall
8
Q
What contracts in labor?
A
uterine wall
9
Q
If pregnancy does not occur the inner lining of the uterus sloughs off and is discarded in which process?
A
menstration
10
Q
What is a hollow pear-shaped organ about the size of a small fist at its widest region?
A
Uterus
11
Q
What lies at the bottom of the pelvic cavity, anterior to the rectum and posterior to the urinary bladder?
A
Uterus
12
Q
What is the main portion of the uterus?
A
Corpus (body)
13
Q
What is the rounded part of the uterus above the level of the entering uterine tubes?
A
Fundus
14
Q
What is the lower portion of the uterus, which partially projects into the vagina?
A
Cervix
15
Q
What can detect cervical cancer?
A
PAP smear
16
Q
Mound of fatty tissue that covers the pubic symphysis
A
Mons Pubis
17
Q
Recesses formed between the vaginal wall and cervix
A
Fornices
18
Q
Contains openings of the urethra and vagina
A
Vestibule
19
Q
Diamond-shaped region between the pubic arch and anus
A
Perineum
20
Q
External female genital structures
A
Vulva
21
Q
Folds of skin that pass from the mons pubis to the region behind the vaginal opening
A
Labia Majora
22
Q
Elastic, muscular tube that extends from the cervix to its opening to the outside of the body
A
Vagina
23
Q
Small structure that corresponds to the male glans penis
A
Clitoris
24
Q
Folds in the vagina, which straighten out to enlarge this organ during sexual intercourse and childbirth
A
Rugae
25
Two thin folds of skin located just within the labia marjora
Labia Minora
26
Thin ring of mucous membrane that surrounds the entrance to the vagina
Hymen
27
Open on each side of the vaginal opening; secrete lubricating mucus
Bartholin's glands
28
Duct draining milk opens at the surface of this smooth muscle
Nipple
29
Production and release of milk for nourishment of a baby
Lactation
30
Located within the breasts; produce milk
mammary glands
31
Common cancer in women
Breast Cancer
32
Secreted by anterior pituitary; stimulates milk production
Prolactin
33
Fluid produce by mammary glands for the first few days after childbirth
Colostrum
34
Stimulated ejection of milk from the glands into the ducts
Oxytocin
35
Hormones released from the _______, _________, and ________ interact to regulate female reproduction
hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and overies
36
As puberty approaches, the hypothalamus produces ________
GnRH
37
What lobe of the pituitary gland secretes FSH and LH, which signals the ovaries to begin functioning?
anterior lobe
38
What hormones are secreted by the ovaries?
estrogen and progesterone
39
What are responsible for the primary sex characteristics, including growth of sex organs at puberty?
Estrogens
40
Estrogen is also responsible for for secondary sex characteristics including____________
breast development + broadening of the pelvis
41
When does puberty typically begin?
ages 10-12 and continues until 14-16 years of age
42
What is the first sign that puberty is imminent?
Menarche (first period)
43
The first menstrual period typically begins at what age?
12-14
44
What regulates the menstrual cycle?
Interaction of FSH and LH with estrogen's and progesterone's from the ovaries
45
Estrogens stimulate the growth of follicles and stimulate the thickening of the _________
Endometrium
46
When does ovulation typically occur?
Day 14
47
When does mensuration occur during the cycle?
The first 5 days
48
When does the thickened endometrium of the uterus slough off?
During menstration
49
During _________ phase, FSH stimulates a few follicles to develop in the ovary
preovulatory
50
Developing follicles release _________ stimulating endometrial growth again and redevelopment of blood vessels and glands
estrogen
51
After the first week, typically how many follicle continues to develop?
one
52
What feedback system signals increasing estrogen concentration and inhibin, secreted by the ovary, inhibits further secretion of FSH?
Negative
53
As estrogen concentration peaks, it signals the anterior pituitary to secrete _________, a positive feedback mechanism
LH
54
The surge of LH stimulates the final maturation of the follicle and _________
ovulation
55
What phase begins after ovulation when LH stimulates development of the corpus luteum?
postovulatory
56
What begins to degenerate if pregnancy does not occur?
corpus luteum
57
Estrogen and progesterone secretion decreases and the female is no longer fertile
menopause
58
Nuclei of sperm and ovum fuse to form fertilized egg or this
Zygote
59
Help move embryo towards the uterus
Cilia
60
Fusion of sperm and egg
Fertilization
61
Embryo is referred to this after 8 weeks of gestation
Fetus
62
Stalk of tissue, containing two arteries and a vein, connecting embryo with placenta
Umbilical cord
63
Fertilization and establishing pregnancy
conception
64
Zygote divides producing two-celled
Embryo
65
Embryo plants itself in this wall at the 7th day of development
uterus
66
Supplies oxyfen and nutrients to the embryo; transfers embryo's waste to the mother's blood
Placenta
67
Fetal membrane that forms a fluid-filled, cushioning sac around the embryo
amnion
68
Controls continued development of the endometrium and placenta
hCH hormone
69
Period of development from conception to birth
Gestation
70
How many weeks does a baby require for development?
38 weeks
71
What are the first organs top develop in a fetus?
spinal cord and brain
72
By 4 weeks what are visible?
eyes and ears and a circulatory system
73
What are small mounds of tissue called which can be seen after the first month?
limb buds
74
By the end of the third month the fetus is how long and what weight?
6cm and 14grams
75
At what month can the fetus start moving around in the amniotic fluid?
5 months
76
What is another word for childbirth?
Parturition
77
The placenta is referred to as what?
Afterbirth
78
Extends from birth to the end of the first month of postnatal life
Neonatal period
79
infancy until adolescence
Childhood
80
Dizygotic twins; two eggs are ovulated and each is fertilized by a different sperm
Fraternal Twins
81
Adolescence until about 40
Young Adult
82
Twins arising from two masses of cells that fail to separate completely
Conjoined twins
83
Begins at age 80
Old age
84
Monoztgotic twins; develop when cells that make up and early embryo divides to form two independent cell groups
Identical Twins
85
Time of development between puberty and adulthood
Adolescence
86
From neonatal period until age 2
Infancy
87
Use of these have made up multiple births much more common
Fertility drugs
88
Begins at age 40
Middle age
89
What must come first for reproduction to take place?
formation of gametes
90
A man may be considered sterile if his semen contains less than _________
20 million sperm/ml
91
Sperm pass through the following sequences of structures
seminiferous tubule in testis, epididymis, van deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
92
Ovum development sequence
Oogonium (diploid), primary oocyte (diploid), secondary oocyte + polar body (both haploid), (after fertilization) ovum + polar body (both halpoid)
93
What is the name for sperm cells?
Spermatozoa
94
_____ has the normal diploid number of 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in males
Spermatocyte
95
What are the male sex glands?
Gonads
96
What is it called when the total number of chromosomes reduced to 23 chromosomes?
Haploid
97
What are sperm cells called when they are located in the outer layer of the seminiferous tubules?
Spermatogonia
98
What are eggs and sperm?
Gametes
99
What is the process of sperm production called?
Spermatogenesis
100
What are the paired male gonads called?
Testes
101
What are tubules that produce sperm and male hormones called?
Seminiferous
102
What is the skin-covered bag suspended from the groin that holds testes called?
Scrotum
103
What are the arteries, veins, nerves, conducting tubes, and surrounding tissue attached to the testes called?
Spermatic Cord
104
What are the passageways connecting the scrotal and abdominal cavities called?
Inguinal Canals
105
What is the female egg cell called?
Ovum
106
A large coiled tube located within the scrotum is called what?
Epididymis
107
Sperm pass from the tubules inside the testes into what?
The epididymis
108
Each epididymis empties into a straight tube called?
Vas deferens or sperm duct
109
The vas deferens is joined by the duct from each of the paired seminal vesicles to form what?
Ejaculatory duct
110
Semen, consisting of sperm cells, is suspended in secretions of what 3 accessory glands?
1. Seminal vesicles
2. Prostate gland
3. Bulbourethral gland
111
What is the name for the paired sac-like glands that secrete a thick fluid containing the sugar fructose that provides energy for the sperm cells?
Seminal vesicles
112
What surrounds the urethra as the urethra emerges from the urinary bladder?
The prostate gland
113
What causes secretions that neutralize acid secretions from the vagina to make it compatible with the sperm?
The prostate gland
114
What is another name for Cowper's glands?
Bulbourethral glands
115
What is the name of the two, pea-sized glands on each side of the urethra that helps lubricate the penis?
Bulbourethral glands
116
What percentage of semen is sperm cells?
less than 1%
117
What is the name of one of the three cylinders of spongy tissue under the skin of the penis?
Corpus
118
What is the name of the loose-fitting skin covering the proximal portion of glans, also called foreskin?
Prepuce
119
What lies between tubules in the testes that produce testosterone?
Interstitial cells
120
What is the name for male hormones?
Androgens
121
What is the extended tip at the end of the penis called?
Glans
122
What is the hormone responsible for both primary and secondary male sex characteristics?
Testosterone
123
The hypothalamus secretes what hormone that stimulates the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland to secrete gonadotropic hormone?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
124
What are the two gonadotrophic hormones?
```
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
```
125
What is the egg produced by females called?
Ovum
126
What receives the penis and serves as the birth canal?
Vagina
127
What anchors the medial end of the ovary to the uterus?
Ovarian ligament
128
What divides to produce one secondary oocyte and one polar body during meiosis?
Primary oocyte
129
What are the female gonads that produce ova and female sex hormones?
Ovaries
130
What is the development process of ovum involving meiosis called?
Oogenesis
131
What is the part of the follicle that stays behind, and is the temporary endocrine structure?
Corpus luteum
132
What is the female hormone secreted by follicles?
Estrogen
133
What is produced by stem cells of ovaries?
Oogonia
134
What is the oviduct or fallopian tube called?
Uterine tube
135
What is the developing ovum and its surrounding sac called?
Follicle
136
What happens when the developing ovum is ejected through the wall of the ovary and into the pelvic cavity?
Ovulation
