Chapter 15

Question 1

Hypoxemia

Answer 1

decreased oxygen concentration in the blood

Question 2

hypoxia

Answer 2

reduction of oxygen supply to tissues

Question 3

orthopnea

Answer 3

difficulty breathing except when sitting up or standing

Question 4

indications for endotracheal tubes

Answer 4

need for mechanical ventilation
upper airway obstruction
impending gastric acid reflux
provisions for tracheobronchial lavage

Question 5

thermoregulation

Answer 5

body’s maintenance of heat production/loss

Question 6

oxygen masks

Answer 6

simple, non-rebreathing, partial re-breathing, large volume nebulizers, air entertainment masks

Question 7

what numbers indicate high/low blood pressure?

Answer 7

High = > 140/90
Low = < 95/60

Question 8

when does pleural fluid accumulation become apparent radiographically?

Answer 8

when enough fluid is present to show costophrenic blunting

Question 9

what are thoracostomy tubes commonly called?

Answer 9

chest tubes

Question 10

what is required to determine whether the artificial airway is in the proper place?

Answer 10

x-ray

Question 11

most common device to deliver low flow oxygen

Answer 11

nasal cannula

Question 12

central venous lines are commonly known as what?

Answer 12

central venous catheters OR venous access devices

Question 13

what are central venous lines?

Answer 13

catheters that are inserted into a large central vein

Question 14

pulse oximeter

Answer 14

photoelectric device used for determining oxygen saturation

Question 15

pleural effusion

Answer 15

fluid within the pleural cavity

Question 16

what is blood pressure?

Answer 16

force exerted by blood on the arterial walls during contraction and relaxation of the heart

Question 17

when does a fever exist?

Answer 17

when oral temp is higher than 99.5 degrees

Question 18

why are vital signs important?

Answer 18

provide important information and reveal adverse reactions

Question 19

systolic

Answer 19

tightening, or contracting of the heart, especially the ventricles

Question 20

tachypnea

Answer 20

rapid rate breathing

Question 21

tidal volume

Answer 21

volume of air inhaled and exhaled during one respiratory cycle

Question 22

febrile

Answer 22

pertaining to fever

Question 23

if pulse cant be found at the wrist, or if cardiac arrest is thought to occur?

Answer 23

carotid artery for 5 seconds

Question 24

5 routes to measure temperature

Answer 24

oral 98.6
axillary 97.6
tympanic 97.6
temporal 100
rectal 99.6

Question 25

what is the function of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 25

transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the cells of the body and to return deoxygenated blood back to the heart and lungs to become re-oxygenated

Question 26

dyspnea

Answer 26

difficult/labored breathing

Question 27

what are vital signs?

Answer 27

primary mechanisms that adapt to responses, inside or outside the body to maintain homeostasis

Question 28

bradypnea

Answer 28

abnormal slowness of breathing

Question 29

normal resting pulse rate in adults

Answer 29

60-100 BPM

Question 30

what can cause tachypnea?

Answer 30

exercise, fever, anxiety, pain, infection, heart failure, chest trauma, decreased oxygen in blood, CNS disease

Question 31

what are CV lines used for today?

Answer 31

administer drugs manage fluid volume blood analysis transfusions monitor cardiac pressure

Question 32

normal range of respirations in adults in 60 seconds?

Answer 32

12-20

Question 33

diastolic

Answer 33

dilation, or relaxation of the heart, especially the ventricles

Question 34

what happens when the cardiopulmonary system is unable to supply adequate oxygen to the tissues?

Answer 34

artificial airway

Question 35

homeostasis

Answer 35

constancy in the internal environment of the body, naturally maintained by adaptive responses of survival

Question 36

how is respiratory rate assessed?

Answer 36

observed by the rise and fall of the chest during 60 seconds

Question 37

what is the preferred location for the catheter tip of a CV line?

Answer 37

SVC

Question 38

what is the most common site for a CV line?

Answer 38

subclavian vein

Question 39

what is the major muscles of ventilation?

Answer 39

diaphragm

Question 40

auscultation

Answer 40

listening to sounds of the body, typically by stethoscope

Question 41

diaphoresis

Answer 41

profuse sweating

Question 42

the most common example of mal-positioning for an endotracheal tube is what?

Answer 42

intubation of the right main stem bronchus because it originates at the trachea at less of an angle compared to the left

Question 43

where should the distal tip of the endotracheal tube be placed?

Answer 43

1-2 inches above the carina

Question 44

low/high flow oxygen

Answer 44

low = does not meet the entire inspiratory needs high = meets or exceeds the inspiratory needs

Question 45

sphygmomanometer

Answer 45

instrument to measure blood pressure

Question 46

what happens during inhalation?

Answer 46

the diaphragm contracts moving downward, expands the chest cavity and chest pressure decreased and the lungs fill with air

Question 47

what indicates systolic/diastolic pressure?

Answer 47

systolic = peak pressure present during contraction of the heart (100-120) diastolic = constant pressure exerted on arterial vessels (60-80)

Question 48

normal mean body temp

Answer 48

98.6 degrees F

Question 49

3 common sites to measure pulse

Answer 49

radial, brachial, carotid

Question 50

apnea

Answer 50

cessation of spontaneous ventilation

Question 51

which tissues are most sensitive to hypoxia?

Answer 51

brain, heart, lungs, liver

Question 52

what happens to compensate for hypoxia?

Answer 52

respiratory rate, depth of breathing, blood pressure, heart rate increases