Chapter 24

Question 1

beneficence

Answer 1

doing of good; active promotion of goodness, kindness, and charity

Question 2

codes of ethics

Answer 2

articulated statements or role morality as seen by the members of a profession

Question 3

duties

Answer 3

obligations placed on individuals, groups, and institutions by reason of the so-called moral bond of our interdependence with others

Question 4

ethical dilemmas

Answer 4

situations requiring moral judgement between two or more equally problem - fraught alternatives; who or more competing moral norms are present, creating a challenge about what to do

Question 5

ethical outrage

Answer 5

gross violation of commonly held standards of decency or human rights

Question 6

ethical theories

Answer 6

bodies of systematically related moral principles used to resolve ethical dilemmas

Question 7

ethics

Answer 7

systematic study of rightness and wrongness of human conduct and character as known by natural reason

Question 8

ethics of care

Answer 8

ethical reflections that emphasize an intimate personal relationship value system that includes such virtues as sympathy, compassion, fidelity, discernment, and love

Question 9

fidelity

Answer 9

strict observance of promises or duties, loyalty and faithfulness to others

Question 10

justice

Answer 10

equitable, fair, or just conduct in dealing with others

Question 11

laws

Answer 11

regulations established by government and applicable to people within a certain political subdivision

Question 12

legal rights

Answer 12

rights of individuals or groups that are established and guaranteed by law

Question 13

liberal individualism

Answer 13

basis for rights-based ethical theory, each individual is protected and allowed to pursue personal projects

Question 14

moral principles

Answer 14

general, universal guides to action that are derived from so-called basic moral truths that should be respected unless a morally compelling reason exists not to do so, also referred to as ethical principles

Question 15

moral rights

Answer 15

rights of individuals or groups that exist separately from governmental or institutional guarantees, usually asserted based on moral principles or rules

Question 16

moral rules

Answer 16

statements of right conduct governing individual actions

Question 17

morals

Answer 17

generally accepted customs, principles, or habits of right living and conduct in a society and the individuals practice in relation to these

Question 18

nonconsequentialism

Answer 18

belief that actions themselves determine the worth of actions, actions are right or wrong according tot he morality of the acts themselves

Question 19

nonmaleficence

Answer 19

ethical principle that places high value on avoiding harm to others

Question 20

norms

Answer 20

standards set by individuals or groups of individuals

Question 21

principle-based ethics

Answer 21

use of moral principles as a basis for defending a chosen path of action in resolving an ethical dilemma

Question 22

principlism

Answer 22

belief system base don a set of moral principles that are embedded in a common morality

Question 23

professional ethic

Answer 23

publicly displayed ethical conduct of a profession, usually embedded in a code of ethics

Question 24

professional etiquette

Answer 24

manners and attitudes generally accepted by members of a profession

Question 25

rights

Answer 25

justified claims that an individual can make on individuals, groups, or society

Question 26

rights-based ethics

Answer 26

belief that individual rights provide the vital protection of life, liberty, expression, and property

Question 27

rules of ethics

Answer 27

ARRT's mandatory standards of minimally acceptable professional conduct

Question 28

social contract

Answer 28

relationship that exists when two mutually dependent groups in a society recognize certain expectations of each other and conduct their affairs accordingly

Question 29

standards of professional conduct

Answer 29

practice behaviors that are defined by members of a profession

Question 30

values

Answer 30

ideals and customs of a society toward which the members of a group have an affective regard

Question 31

value system

Answer 31

collection or set of values that an individual or group has as each persons personal guide

Question 32

veracity

Answer 32

duty to tell the truth and avoid deception

Question 33

virtues

Answer 33

traits of character that are socially valued

Question 34

virture-based ethics

Answer 34

ethical theory that emphasizes the agents who perform actions and make choices, character and virtue form the framework of this ethical theory

Question 35

professional licensing boards that enforce professional practice laws provide one element of what?

Answer 35

self-regulation

Question 36

society expects a profession, through collective members, to generate its own statement of acceptable and unacceptable behavior, normally in the form of ___________

Answer 36

code of ethics

Question 37

rudeness to patients or insensitivity to their need to preserve modesty is an example of violating what?

Question 38

what are the four components of ethical analysis?

Answer 38

autonomy, beneficence, justice, nonmaleficence

Question 39

what is the most serious limitation to using moral rules as a primary guide to moral behavior?

Answer 39

most people lack access to a complete set of moral rules

Question 40

persons who use ___________ for ethical decision making may lie to a patient if they think the untruth might benefit the patient

Answer 40

consequentialism

Question 41

radiologic and imaging sciences professionals and patients recognize certain expectations of each other and act accordingly. what theory does this describe?

Answer 41

social contract

Question 42

what do moral principles include?

Answer 42

beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, autonomy, veracity, fidelity