Chapter 15 Flashcards
(16 cards)
Recombinant DNA
DNA that has been artificially created by combining DNA from different sources.
cDNA
DNA synthesized from a messenger RNA (mRNA) template through reverse transcription, used to study gene expression.
Genome
The complete set of genetic material (DNA) in an organism, including all of its genes.
DNA library
A collection of DNA fragments stored in a way that allows easy access to specific genes or sequences.
Probe
A fragment of DNA or RNA that is labeled to detect the presence of a specific sequence in a sample.
Reverse transcriptase
An enzyme that converts RNA into complementary DNA (cDNA).
Denature
The process of heating DNA to separate its two strands, usually in preparation for PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction).
Anneal
The process of cooling the DNA so that complementary strands of DNA or RNA can bond together.
Exponential amplification
A rapid increase in the number of copies of a specific DNA segment, commonly used in PCR.
Electrophoresis
A laboratory method used to separate DNA, RNA, or proteins based on size and charge, typically using a gel.
Genomics
The study of the complete genetic material (genome) of an organism, including the sequencing and analysis of DNA.
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
A variation in a single nucleotide (building block of DNA) in the genome, which can be linked to disease or traits.
Short tandem repeats
Repeating sequences of DNA found in the genome, often used in genetic fingerprinting and forensics.
Genetically modified organism
An organism whose genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally, often for agricultural purposes.
Gene therapy
A treatment that involves altering the genes inside a person’s cells to treat or prevent disease.
CRISPR
A powerful gene-editing technology that allows precise changes to be made to the DNA of living organisms, often used for research and medical applications.
