Chapter 9 Flashcards
(14 cards)
Gene expression
The process by which information from a gene is used to produce a functional product, like a protein.
Gene
A segment of DNA that carries instructions for making proteins or RNA.
Transcription
The process of copying a gene’s DNA sequence into RNA.
Promotor
A region of DNA that signals the start of transcription.
Antisense strand
The DNA strand that is used as a template to make RNA.
Intron
A non-coding region of a gene that is removed during RNA processing.
Exon
A coding region of a gene that is kept and used in the final RNA product.
Alternative splicing
A process where different combinations of exons are joined together to create multiple RNA variants from one gene.
Translation
The process of using RNA to build a protein at the ribosome.
Codon
A sequence of three nucleotides in RNA that codes for a specific amino acid.
Anticodon
A three-nucleotide sequence in tRNA that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA.
Polyribosome
A group of ribosomes attached to a single mRNA, translating it at the same time.
Substitution
A mutation where one base in the DNA sequence is replaced by another.
Frameshift
A mutation where insertions or deletions of bases shift the reading frame, affecting the entire protein sequence.
