Chapter 5 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Kinetic energy
Energy of motion.
Potential energy
Stored energy due to position or structure.
Entropy
Measure of disorder or randomness in a system.
Reactant
A substance that undergoes change in a chemical reaction.
Product
The substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
Intermediate
A substance formed temporarily during a chemical reaction.
Activation energy
The energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
Catalysis
The process of speeding up a reaction by using a catalyst.
Substrate
The substance that an enzyme acts on.
Active site
The part of an enzyme where the substrate binds.
Allosteric regulator
A molecule that binds to an enzyme at a site other than the active site to regulate its activity.
Cofactor
A non-protein molecule that helps an enzyme work.
Antioxidant
A substance that prevents damage to cells by neutralizing free radicals.
Coenzyme
A small molecule that helps enzymes work by carrying chemical groups.
Phosphorylation
The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, often to activate or deactivate it.
Diffusion
The movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
Semipermeable membrane
A membrane that allows some molecules to pass but not others.
Selectively permeable
A type of membrane that chooses what can enter or exit the cell.
Tonicity
The relative concentration of solutes in two solutions.
Isotonic
When two solutions have the same concentration of solutes.
Hypotonic
When one solution has a lower concentration of solutes compared to another.
Hypertonic
When one solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another.
Turgor
The pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall, important in plant cells.
Osmotic pressure
The pressure required to stop the flow of water into a solution due to osmosis.
