Chapter 8 Flashcards
(17 cards)
Purine
A type of nitrogenous base (adenine and guanine) in DNA and RNA.
Pyrimidine
A type of nitrogenous base (cytosine, thymine, and uracil) in DNA and RNA.
Chromosome
A structure made of DNA and proteins that contains genetic information.
Histone
A protein that helps package and organize DNA into chromosomes.
Nucleosome
A unit of DNA wrapped around a histone protein, forming the basic structure of chromatin.
Centromere
The region of a chromosome that links sister chromatids.
Sister chromatid
Identical copies of a chromosome, formed during DNA replication.
Diploid
A cell with two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent).
Autosome
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
Karyotype
A visual representation of the chromosomes in a cell, arranged in pairs.
Sex chromosome
Chromosomes that determine the biological sex (X and Y in humans).
Replication fork
The Y-shaped region where DNA is being unwound during replication.
Okazaki fragments
Short segments of DNA produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication.
Mutations
Changes in the DNA sequence.
Dimer
A molecule formed by two smaller molecules, often used to describe two bases that pair in DNA.
Cloning
The process of making genetically identical copies of an organism or cell.
Reproductive cloning
Cloning to create a genetically identical organism.
