Chapter 15 - Muscoloskeletal System

Question 1

acetabulum

Answer 1

rounded depression or socket in the pelvis that joins the femur forming the hip bone

Question 2

acromion

Answer 2

outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder

Question 3

articular cartilage

Answer 3

thin layer of cartilage covering the bone in the joint space

Question 4

bone

Answer 4

dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton

Question 5

bone depression

Answer 5

opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones or passageways for blood vessels or nerves

Question 6

bone process

Answer 6

enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments

Question 7

calcium

Answer 7

one of the mineral constituents of bone

Question 8

cancellous bones

Answer 8

spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone

Question 9

cartilage

Answer 9

flexible, rubbery connective tissue

Question 10

collagen

Answer 10

dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues

Question 11

compact bone

Answer 11

hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around outer portion of bones

Question 12

cranial bones

Answer 12

skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal

Question 13

diaphysis

Answer 13

shaft, mid portion of a long bone

Question 14

disk (disc)

Answer 14

flat, round, plate like structure

Question 15

epiphyseal plate

Answer 15

cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth take place in the immature skeleton

Question 16

epiphysis

Answer 16

each end of a long bone; beyond the epiphyseal plate

Question 17

facial bones

Answer 17

bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic

Question 18

fontanelle

Answer 18

soft spot between the skull bones of an infant

Question 19

foramen magnum

Answer 19

opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes

Question 20

haversian canals

Answer 20

minute spaces filled with blood vessels

Question 21

ligament

Answer 21

fibrous tissue connecting bones to other bones

Question 22

malleolus

Answer 22

round process on both sides of the ankle joint

Question 23

manubrium

Answer 23

upper portion of the sternum

Question 24

mastoid process

Answer 24

round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

Question 25

medullary cavity

Answer 25

central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone

Question 26

metaphysis

Answer 26

flared portion of a long bone between shaft and E.P.

Question 27

olecranon

Answer 27

large process on the proximal end of ulna

Question 28

orthopedist

Answer 28

medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions

Question 29

osseous tissue

Answer 29

bone tissue

Question 30

ossification

Answer 30

process of bone formation

Question 31

osteoblast

Answer 31

bone cell that helps form bony tissue

Question 32

osteoclast

Answer 32

bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue

Question 33

periosteum

Answer 33

membrane surrounding the bones

Question 34

phosphorus

Answer 34

mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium

Question 35

physiatrist

Answer 35

medical doctor specializing in rehab

Question 36

pubic symphysis

Answer 36

area of confluence of the two pubic bones in the pelvis

Question 37

red bone marrow

Answer 37

found in cancellous bone

Question 38

ribs

Answer 38

twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall

Question 39

sella turcica

Answer 39

depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

Question 40

sinus

Answer 40

hollow air cavity within a bone

Question 41

styloid process

Answer 41

pole like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

Question 42

suture

Answer 42

immovable joint between the bones like the skull

Question 43

temporomandibular joint

Answer 43

connection on either side of the head between temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw

Question 44

tendon

Answer 44

fibrous connective tissue connecting muscles and bones

Question 45

trabeculae

Answer 45

supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous bone

Question 46

vertebra

Answer 46

individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina enclosing the neural canal

Question 47

xiphoid process

Answer 47

lower, narrow portion of the sternum

Question 48

yellow bone marrow

Answer 48

fatty tissue in the medullary cavity of most adult large bones

Question 49

calc/o | calci/o

Answer 49

calcium

Question 50

kyph/o

Answer 50

humpback, hunchback

Question 51

lamin/o

Answer 51

lamina

Question 52

lord/o

Answer 52

curve, swayback

Question 53

lumb/o

Answer 53

loins, lower back

Question 54

myel/o

Answer 54

bone marrow

Question 55

orth/o

Answer 55

straight

Question 56

oste/o

Answer 56

bone

Question 57

scoli/o

Answer 57

crooked, bent

Question 58

spondyl/o

Answer 58

vertebra

Question 59

vertebr/o

Answer 59

vertebra

Question 60

-blast

Answer 60

immature cell

Question 61

-clast

Answer 61

to break

Question 62

-listhesis

Answer 62

slipping

Question 63

-malacia

Answer 63

softening

Question 64

-physis

Answer 64

to grow

Question 65

-porosis

Answer 65

pore, passage

Question 66

-tome

Answer 66

instrument to cut

Question 67

acetabul/o

Answer 67

acetabulum

Question 68

calcane/o

Answer 68

calcaneous

Question 69

carp/o

Answer 69

carpals

Question 70

clavicul/o

Answer 70

clavicle

Question 71

cost/o

Answer 71

ribs

Question 72

crani/o

Answer 72

cranium

Question 73

femor/o

Answer 73

femur

Question 74

fibul/o

Answer 74

fibula

Question 75

humer/o

Answer 75

humerus

Question 76

ili/o

Answer 76

ilium

Question 77

ischi/o

Answer 77

ischium

Question 78

malleol/o

Answer 78

malleolus

Question 79

mandibul/o

Answer 79

mandible

Question 80

maxill/o

Answer 80

maxilla

Question 81

metacarp/o

Answer 81

metacarpals

Question 82

metatars/o

Answer 82

metatarsals

Question 83

olecran/o

Answer 83

olecranon

Question 84

patell/o

Answer 84

patella

Question 85

pelv/i

Answer 85

pelvis

Question 86

perone/o

Answer 86

fibula

Question 87

phalang/o

Answer 87

phalanges

Question 88

pub/o

Answer 88

pubis

Question 89

radi/o

Answer 89

radius

Question 90

scapul/o

Answer 90

scapula

Question 91

stern/o

Answer 91

sternum

Question 92

tars/o

Answer 92

tarsals

Question 93

tibi/o

Answer 93

tibia

Question 94

uln/o

Answer 94

ulna

Question 95

articular cartilage

Answer 95

smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of a joint

Question 96

articulation

Answer 96

any type of joint

Question 97

bursa

Answer 97

sac of fluid near a jiont

Question 98

ligament

Answer 98

connective tissue binding bones to other bones

Question 99

meniscus

Answer 99

crescent shaped fibrocartilaginous structure found in the knee

Question 100

suture joint

Answer 100

immovable joint

Question 101

synovial cavity

Answer 101

space between bones at a synovial joint

Question 102

synovial fluid

Answer 102

a freely movable joint

Question 103

synovial membrane

Answer 103

tissue ling the synovial cavity

Question 104

ankyl/o

Answer 104

stiff

Question 105

arthr/o | articul/o

Answer 105

joint

Question 106

burs/o

Answer 106

bursa

Question 107

chondr/o

Answer 107

cartilage

Question 108

ligament/o

Answer 108

ligament

Question 109

rheumat/o

Answer 109

watery flow

Question 110

synov/o

Answer 110

synovial membrane

Question 111

ten/o | tendin/o

Answer 111

tendon

Question 112

-desis

Answer 112

to bind, tie together

Question 113

-stenosis

Answer 113

narrowing

Question 114

abduction

Answer 114

movement away from the midline of the body

Question 115

adduction

Answer 115

movement toward the midline of the body

Question 116

dorsiflexion

Answer 116

backward bending of the foot

Question 117

extension

Answer 117

straightening of a flexed limb

Question 118

fascia

Answer 118

fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles

Question 119

flexion

Answer 119

bending a limb

Question 120

insertion of a muscle

Answer 120

connection of the muscle to a bone that moves

Question 121

origin of a muscle

Answer 121

connection of the muscle to a stationary bone

Question 122

plantar flexion

Answer 122

bending the sole of the foot downward toward the ground

Question 123

pronation

Answer 123

turning the palm downward

Question 124

rotation

Answer 124

circular movement around a central point

Question 125

striated muscle

Answer 125

muscle connected to bones

Question 126

supination

Answer 126

turning the palm upward

Question 127

visceral muscle

Answer 127

muscle connected to internal organs

Question 128

fasci/o

Answer 128

fascia

Question 129

fibr/o

Answer 129

fibrous connective tissue

Question 130

leiomy/o

Answer 130

smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs

Question 131

my/o | myos/o

Answer 131

muscle

Question 132

myocardi/o

Answer 132

heart muscle

Question 133

plant/o

Answer 133

sole of the foot

Question 134

rhabdomy/o

Answer 134

skeletal

Question 135

sarc/o

Answer 135

muscle and flesh

Question 136

-asthenia

Answer 136

lack of strength

Question 137

-trophy

Answer 137

development, nourishment

Question 138

ab-

Answer 138

away from

Question 139

ad-

Answer 139

toward

Question 140

dorsi-

Answer 140

back

Question 141

poly-

Answer 141

many, much