Chapter 18 - Endocrine System Flashcards by Kassandra Hooven

adrenal cortex

outer section of each adrenal gland

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adrenal medulla

inner section of each adrenal gland

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ovaries

located in lower abdomen of female; produces eggs, estrogen/progesterone secretion

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pancreas

located behind stomach; islet cells secrete hormones from the pancreas

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parathyroid glands

4 small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland

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pituitary gland

located at base of brain in sella turcica; composed of anterior and posterior lobes

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testes

2 glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male

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thyroid gland

located in the neck on either side of trachea

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adrenaline (epinephrine)

secreted by adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure, dilates airways

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adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland; stimulates adrenal cortex

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aldosterone

secreted by adrenal cortex; increases salt reabsorption

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androgen

male hormone

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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

increases reabsorption of water by the kidney

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calcitonin

decreases blood calcium levels

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cortisol

increases blood sugar

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estradiol

estrogen secreted by the ovaries

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estrogen

female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex

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follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes

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glucagon

increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen to sugar

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growth hormone (GH); somatotropin

stimulates growth of bones and soft tissue

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insulin

helps glucose to pass into cells and it promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen

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luteinizing hormone (LH)

stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males

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norepinephrine

increases heart rate and blood pressure

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oxytocin (OT)

stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth

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parathormone (PTH)

increases blood calcium

progesterone

prepares uterus for pregnancy

prolactin (PRL)

promotes milk secretion

somatotropin

growth hormone

testosterone

male hormone secreted by the testes

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; TSH acts on the thryoid gland to promote its functioning

thyroxine (T4)

T4 increases metabolism in cells

triiodothyronine (T3)

increases metabolism in cells

vasopressin

increases water reabsorption and raises blood pressure

catecholamines

hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla

corticosteroids

hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

electrolyte

mineral salt found in blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells

glucocorticoid

regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism

homeostasis

tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

hormone

substance secreted by an endocrine gland that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland

hypothalamus

region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland

mineralocorticoid

secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts and water balance in the body

receptor

cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be excited

sella turcica

cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland

sex hormones

steroids produced by adrenal cortex to influence male an female sex characteristics

steroid

complex substance related to fats and of which many hormones are made

sympathomimetic

pertaining to mimicking the effect of the sympathetic nervous system

target tissue

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

aden/o

gland

adrenal/o

adrenal gland

gonad/o

sex glands

acr/o

extremities

pancreat/o

pancreas

parathyroid/o

parathyroid gland

pituitar/o

pituitary gland; hypophysis

thyr/o | thyroid/o

thyroid gland

andr/o

male

calc/o | calci/o

calcium

cortic/o

cortex, outer region

crin/o

secrete

dips/o

thirst

estr/o

female

gluc/o | glyc/o

sugar

home/o

sameness

hormon/o

hormone

kal/i

potassium

lact/o

milk

myx/o

mucus

natr/o

sodium

phys/o

growing

somat/o

body

ster/o

solid structure

toc/o

childbirth

toxic/o

poison

ur/o

urine

-agon

assemble, gather

-emia

blood condition

- in | - ine

substance

-tropin

stimulating the function of

-uria

urine condition

-megaly

enlargement

eu-

good, normal

hyper-

excessive

hypo-

deficient

oxy-

rapid, sharp, acid

pan-

all

poly-

many or increased

tetra-

four

tri-

three