Chapter 15 - Social change and the Future

Question 1

a group of people has experienced dramatic change in at least one part of their lives and must adjust in other areas of their lives in order to adapt

this is ______ ______

Answer 1

social change

Question 2

society today is changing ______

Answer 2

quickly

Question 3

what are the five interpetations of social change

Answer 3

• modernism
• conservatism
• postmodernism
• evolution
• fashion

Question 4

explain modernism in social change

Answer 4

holds that change equals progress that what is more or new will automatically be better than the older thing it replaces

society advances along a straight path from primitive to more sophisticated (worse to better)

Question 5

_______ was for modernism

Answer 5

compte

Question 6

how does social darwinism relate to modernism

Answer 6

societies naturally proceed from simple to complex and that the strongest societies triumph

survival of the fittest

Question 7

________(1818-1881) identified three stages of savagery, barbarism, and civilization

Answer 7

lewis henry morgan

Question 8

Modernist theories of politics incorporate the idea that societies are constantly _______ _______

Answer 8

improving politically

Question 9

Noam Chomsky (1928) identifies one of the flaws of the modernist model, namely its _______ ______, “whatever innovation benefits the dominant class”

Answer 9

narrow vision

Question 10

what is conservatism in social change

Answer 10

Conservative thinkers see social change as more destructive than constructive, especially in emotionally charged areas of life such as family, gender roles, sexuality, and the environment

Question 11

who believed that technology, culture, and sense of progress emanating from the United States would lead to the destruction of Canada as a place that cultivated and cherished an alternative to the American vision

Answer 11

George Grant (1918-1988)

Question 12

Conservatism relates to the idea of the _______ of civilization: the belief that civilizations rise and fall in a predictable cycle

Answer 12

cycle

Question 13

Adherents of conservatism are sometimes guilty of the logical fallacy known as ______-______ reasoning.

Answer 13

slippery-slope

Question 14

Marx believed that innovation and growing capitalism would destroy society
he was a _________

Answer 14

conservatist

Question 15

1811-1813 in Yorkshire, England a group of workers destroyed what is today, millions of dollars of property. They were “rebels against the future”.

They made nighttime raids to destroy machinery, sent anonymous threatening letters to known industrialists, stockpiled weapons, and participated in foot riots

what were they called

Answer 15

luddites

Question 16

luddites opposed the _______ of need

Answer 16

manufacturing of need

eg. Ex: food and clothing now had to be purchased than made

Question 17

what are the two types of globalisation

Answer 17

particularist protectionist

universal protectionist

Question 18

what is a particularist protectionist

Answer 18

focuses on socioeconomic, political, and cultural problems in their home territories caused by increasing globalization

Question 19

what are universal protectionists

Answer 19

Universalist protectionists: promote the interests of the poor and marginalized groups worldwide

Question 20

Postmodernism as a social theory, relates largely to ______

Answer 20

voice

Question 21

__________challenges the notion that researchers can speak for peoples that they study without letting the people studied themselves have a voice

Answer 21

postmodernism

Question 22

There is a _____ ______ that separates those with technology to learn, work and compete in the modern world than those who don’t

Answer 22

digital divide

Question 23

_______ class: is a class of visionary capitalists

Answer 23

virtual

Question 24

who coined the idea of a virtual class

Answer 24

Arthur Kroker

Question 25

the virtual class supports the interests of __________ which promotes the interests of big buisnesses

Answer 25

neoliberalism

Question 26

how does the virtual class get access to more information

Answer 26

through “privileged corporate codes”

Question 27

explain evolution as an interpretation for social change

Answer 27

Adapting well to particular circumstances “Survival of the fittest”

Question 28

explain fashion as a theory for social change

Answer 28

A change is just a change for its own sake. Our tastes change, we seek novelty, and the result is neither an improvement nor a turn for the worse

Question 29

_______ claims that Social change will be better than what it replaces

Answer 29

modernism

Question 30

what interpetation of social change sees it as problematic and damaging toward society

Answer 30

conservatism

Question 31

what were the luddites

Answer 31

They rioted and destroyed factory property, sent threatening letters to industrialists Said the industrial revolution made factory conditioned worse People lost their jobs and were displaced, so English Poor Laws were created so they can get some welfare

Question 32

_______ emphasizes that Multiple voices and discourses that exist and the voices of minorities arent heard or acknowledged

Answer 32

postmodernism

Question 33

The postmodern interpretation challenges the views posed by the _________ and __________ studies

Answer 33

conservatist and modernist

Question 34

"not everyone advantages from social change" what interpretation of social change is this

Answer 34

postmodernist

Question 35

the fashion interpretation of social changes focuses on how peoples _____ and ______ change over time

Answer 35

tastes and preferences

Question 36

Ex: deviant people used to have tattoos, men were more likely to tattoos, sex workers were likely to have tattoos. Now fashion changes, everyone gets tattoos, and we don’t view them as deviant today what theory of social change reflects this

Answer 36

fashion

Question 37

________ behavior is group behavior that is relatively spontaneous, unstructured, and unconventional in nature

Answer 37

collective

Question 38

rioting after a sporting event is an example of what

Answer 38

collective behavior

Question 39

collective behavior takes place in ______ _____

Answer 39

localized crowds

Question 40

in ______ crowds people are gathered by proximity alone. Does not lead to collective behavior because everyone is engaged in law abiding behavior

Answer 40

causal

Question 41

in ________ crowds people have gathered in the same place at the same time because they share the same interests or objective

Answer 41

conventional

Question 42

in _______ crowds, people who share a common interest and gather at the same place and same time for an explicatory purpose. There is an expectation that you will participate in that crowd's behavior

Answer 42

expressive

Question 43

in an _____ crowd people are gathered at the same place and time that participate in overt, collective behavior in pursuit of a common goal

Answer 43

acting

Question 44

a movie theatre (everyone is there to watch a movie is an example of what type of a crowd

Answer 44

conventional

Question 45

going to the park is an example of what type of a crowd

Answer 45

casual

Question 46

meeting to change laws of fight injustice is an example of what type of crowd

Answer 46

acting

Question 47

fans at a soccer game are all in an _______ crowd

Answer 47

expressive

Question 48

______- wrote about group behavior

Answer 48

Gustav LeBron

Question 49

Gustav Le Bron said that during riots, people lose sense their individuality and take on a ______ ____ which make them act in ways they wouldn’t usually do

Answer 49

collective mind

Question 50

Gustav Le Bron said there were three reasons why people riot, name and explain

Answer 50

Anonymity They can’t be recognized Suggestibility Easily persuaded by others Contagion Mass hypnosis

Question 51

______ theory is mass hypnosis

Answer 51

contagion

Question 52

_______ theory believes that collective behavior happens in cords because it is a natural outcome of existing psychological impulses of those who converge

Answer 52

convergence theory

Question 53

convergence theory argues that those who are not predisposed to that behavior, they would _____ Those who are predisposed to this behavior will _____ (collective behav)

Answer 53

leave converge

Question 54

what is the middle ground theory between the contagion theory of collective behavior and the convergence

Answer 54

emergent norm theory

Question 55

what does the emergent norm theory suggest

Answer 55

Argues that within groups norms emerge to influence behavior on a situation

Question 56

differentiate between fads and fashion

Answer 56

Fads: temporary, high fashion patterns. Activities, hobbies, events that come and go Ex: fidget spinners Fashion: long lasting population social patterns that involve hairstyles, grooming choices Can endure past its period of popularity because it becomes emblematic of a period

Question 57

who coined moral panic

Answer 57

stanley cohen

Question 58

what is moral panic according to stanley cohen

Answer 58

irrational and widespread fear of certain individuals Ex: Islamophobia after 9/11 crisis, and thinking that everyone who practiced Islam was a terrorist

Question 59

________ movements are organized efforts by a substantial number of people to change or to resist change in some major aspect of society

Answer 59

social movements

Question 60

_______ are important in social movements

Answer 60

symbols

Question 61

during the social movements to fight rising tuition costs in quebec, what was their symbol

Answer 61

A red patch symbolized this protest

Question 62

______-_______ theory: focusses on the actions of groups that are oppressed or are deprived of things that other groups have

Answer 62

relative deprivation theory

Question 63

_______ _______ theory looks at the resources that groups have that can help or hinder a social movement

Answer 63

resource mobilization theory

Question 64

Ex: if people are poor and the leaders are wealthy, this can lead to a social movement. But if everyone is poor, and there is no relative deprivation, then there will be no social change what theory does this reflect

Answer 64

relative-deprivation theory

Question 65

A social movement will emerge when the resources needed for a social movement are present what theory does this reflect

Answer 65

resource mobilization theory