Chapter 15 Study guide

Question 1

Key Traits for distinguishing plants form Green Algae

Answer 1

Multi-celled embryo develops from fertilized egg within the plant

Question 2

Other plant features

Answer 2

1) eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic (photsynthetic)
2) Cell walls made of cellulose
3) Alternation of generations in life cycle

Question 3

Alternation of generations

Answer 3

Life cycle alternates between two multicellular stages (sporophyte/diploid) and (gametophyte/haploid)

Question 4

Stages /Key Terms

Answer 4

1) sporophyte (diploid, 2n)
2)Spores (haploid, n)
3) Gametophyte (haploid, n)
4) fertilization
5) zygote develops into a new sporophyte (diploid, 2n)

Question 5

sporophyte (diploid,2n)

Answer 5

Produces spores via meiosis

Question 6

Spores (haploid, n)

Answer 6

grow into gametophytes

Question 7

Gametophyte (haploid,n)

Answer 7

Grow into gametophytes

Question 8

Gametophyte (haploid,n)

Answer 8

produces gametes (sperm/egg) via mitosis

Question 9

Fertilization

Answer 9

Gametes fuse to form diploid zygote, develops into sporophyte

Question 10

Plant Adaptions for land

Answer 10

1) cuticle
2) stomata
3) vascular tissues
4) lignin

Question 11

Cuticle

Answer 11

waxy coating that prevents water loss

Question 12

Stomata

Answer 12

small openings for gas exchange

Question 13

Xylem

Answer 13

moves water upward from roots

Question 14

Phloem

Answer 14

moves sugars and nutrients throughout the plant

Question 15

Lignin

Answer 15

strengthens cell walls, supports taller growth

Question 16

Nonvascular plants characteristics

Answer 16

-lack vascular tissue
-do not produce seeds
-gametophyte is dominant
-require water for reproduction (sperm swims to egg)
-examples: mosses, hornworts, liverworts

Question 17

Seedless vascular plants characteristics

Answer 17

-have vascular tissue (xylem/phloem)
-do not produce seeds
-sporophyte is dominant
-require water for reproduction (sperm swims to egg)
-examples: ferns, club mosses, horsetails

Question 18

Seed plant characteristics

Answer 18

-have vascular tissue
-produce seeds
-sporophyte is dominant
-do not require water for fertilization (pollen transports sperm)

Question 19

Keep terms for seed plant reproduction

Answer 19

Seed: protects and nourishes embryo
Pollen grain: male gametophyte; disperses via wind or animals
Pollination: transfer of pollen to female part of plant
Fertilization: sperm+egg=zygote develops into embryo inside seed

Question 20

Angiosperms

Answer 20

-Seeds enclosed in fruits
-produce flowers
-co-evoved with pollinators, which increase reproduction success
-ex: roses, oak trees

Question 21

Gymnosperms:

Answer 21

-Seeds exposed (naked seeds)
-Ex: conifers (pine,spruce)
-no flowers

Question 22

Key innovation

Answer 22

Flower—> attraction of pollinators—>dominance of angiosperms on Earth

Question 23

Fungi feeding

Answer 23

-secrete digestive enzymes externally
-absorb nutrients from decaying organisms

Question 24

structure

Answer 24

Hyphae: thread-like filaments forming a mycelium
Fruiting body: reproductive structure that produces spores