Chapter 16

Question 1

Antigens are

Answer 1

specific molecules, or parts of molecules, that the body recognizes as foreign.

Question 2

Adaptive immunity is sometimes also called acquired immunity. Which of the following statements provides a basis for the alternative name?

Answer 2

To become activated, lymphocytes require exposure to the antigenic determinant for which they are specific.

Question 3

Which of the following produces an exogenous antigen?

Answer 3

a bacterium outside a cell

Question 4

Which of the following statements about lymphocytes is FALSE?

Answer 4

B and T lymphocytes can be differentiated under the microscope.

Question 5

Large accumulations of young self-tolerant lymphocytes conducting surveillance for specific antigenic determinants are found in

Answer 5

the MALT and lymph nodes.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT included in the MALT?

Answer 6

the spleen

Question 7

The designation “B” for B lymphocytes comes from the

Answer 7

bone marrow where these cells are produced.

Question 8

You step on something in the yard and get a puncture wound that does not bleed freely. Antigens from any microbes that entered the wound will most likely end up in the

Answer 8

lymph nodes of the groin.

Question 9

The type of immunoglobulin that forms a pentamer is

Answer 9

IgM.

Question 10

Which of the following statements concerning the chemical structure of an antibody is FALSE?

Answer 10

The heavy and light chains are connected by hydrogen bonds

Question 11

The Fc portion of an antibody is formed by

Answer 11

the lower portions of the heavy chains.

Question 12

The humoral immune response is attributed to the action of

Answer 12

B lymphocytes.

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding antibody function is FALSE?

Answer 13

They can penetrate host cells to bind intracellular antigens.

Question 14

Secretory IgA antibodies are unique because they

Answer 14

are connected with J chains and short polypeptides to form dimers.

Question 15

The most prevalent type of antibody in the blood is

Answer 15

IgG.

Question 16

Which of the following function in agglutination?

Answer 16

IgA and IgG antibodies

Question 17

Which of the following statements concerning B cell receptors (BCRs) is FALSE?

Answer 17

They are formed in response to an encounter with an antigen.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about T lymphocytes is FALSE?

Answer 18

There are fewer types of T cell receptors than B cell receptors, and therefore the T lymphocyte cannot react with as many types of antigens.

Question 19

Which of the following cytokines act as a signal between leukocytes?

Answer 19

interleukins

Question 20

Under normal situations the lymphocytes do NOT develop an immune response against autoantigens because

Answer 20

Lymphocytes that bind to autoantigens undergo apoptosis.

Question 21

Which of the following statements about helper T cells is FALSE?

Answer 21

They cannot be distinguished from other T lymphocytes.

Question 22

Major histocompatibility antigens are

Answer 22

glycoproteins found in the cytoplasmic membranes of most vertebrate animal cells.

Question 23

Which of the following statements concerning specific immunity is FALSE?

Answer 23

It changes little with repeated exposure to the same pathogen.

Question 24

The major histocompatibility antigens are coded for by genes on which chromosome number?

Answer 24

6

Question 25

Class II MHC (major histocompatibility antigens) are found on

Answer 25

professional antigen-presenting cells.

Question 26

Which of the following molecules would contain T-independent antigens?

Answer 26

polysaccharides

Question 27

Which of the following recognizes and binds to MHC II antigens and helps stabilize the binding of antigenic determinants to T cell receptors?

Answer 27

CD4

Question 28

Which of the following statements concerning plasma cells is FALSE?

Answer 28

They live a long time and function as memory cells.

Question 29

Enhanced immune responses to subsequent exposures to an antigen to which the body has already been exposed are known as

Answer 29

memory responses.

Question 30

Which of the following statements regarding the cell-mediated immune response is true?

Answer 30

A single cytotoxic T lymphocyte can kill many target cells.

Question 31

The protozoan that causes malaria is an intracellular parasite of red blood cells (RBCs). An adaptive immune response to this parasite is problematic because

Answer 31

red blood cells do not produce MHC and therefore do not display the fact that they have been infected by presenting antigen.

Question 32

The perforin-granzyme pathway involves

Answer 32

the synthesis of special cell-killing proteins that act on infected or abnormal cells.

Question 33

The immunological synapse refers to the

Answer 33

interaction between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell to produce a specialized contact area for communication between these cells.

Question 34

What type of immunity is produced by the body when a person gets a disease?

Answer 34

naturally acquired active immunity

Question 35

A sick child may have influenza or RSV. These virus infections have different treatment options so the physician requests antibody titer tests. The results are as follows: anti-influenza antibodies are primarily IgM, and anti-RSV antibodies are all IgA and IgG. Which of the following is the most appropriate interpretation?

Answer 35

The child currently has influenza and has previously been exposed to RSV.