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Psych 305 > Chapter 16 - Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is personality?

A

Characteristic way of responding to, perceiving, and thinking about one’s environment - all-encompassing

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2
Q

Why is personality disorder diagnosis so unreliable?

A

Lack of consistency

  • Uncertainty if it is a trait or disorder
  • Overlap in symptoms of various personality disorders
  • Comorbidity and confusion with other disorders
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3
Q

How is the general criteria for personality disorders changing in the future DSM?

A

Movement away from social deviance and more toward impairment of functioning, more emphasis on dimensional approach

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4
Q

What does Cluster A consist of in personality disorders?

A

Odd/eccentric behaviors - schizophrenigenic

  • Paranoid
  • Schizoid
  • Schizotypal
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5
Q

What is paranoid personality disorder?

A

Undue suspiciousness, hypersensitivity, expect to be exploited

  • Assume everyone has hidden agenda
  • Appear cold and without humor
  • Seldom seek help - cannot be vulnerable
  • Least likely of personality disorders to seek help
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6
Q

Prevalence of paranoid personality disorder

A

Rate higher in males

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7
Q

What is schizoid personality disorder?

A 
Social withdrawal ("loners"), reclusive, lack close warm relationships, isolation
*KEY: don't mind lack of relationships
*Seem detached from environment, lack humor, internally tuned
*Self-absorbed and may seem absent-minded, easy to forget
Typically can remain functional
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8
Q

What is schizotypal personality disorder?

A
  • Odd behavior, thinking, speech
  • Highly superstitious - “magical thinking”
  • Symptoms may be similar to schizophrenia, not as severe
  • Lack social skills - shallow emotions
  • Often suspicious of others
  • Significantly higher risk of developing schizophrenia
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9
Q

What does Cluster B consist of in personality disorders?

A

Emotional or erratic behaviors, seeking attention, unpredictable behaviors

  • Histrionic
  • Narcissistic
  • Borderline
  • Antisocial
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10
Q

What is histrionic personality disorder?

A
  • Primary goal: attention (being in spotlight, center of attention)
  • Very dramatic, emotive, may seem vain and immature
  • KEY: stormy relationships, self-centered, manipulative
  • Superficial processing of information, self-monitor based on others’ reactions
  • May behave and dress seductively to get attention
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11
Q

What is narcissistic personality disorder?

A
  • Extreme sense of self-importance - need to feel superior
  • Expect and demand constant special attention
  • Lack empathy and compassion
  • Fragile self-esteem
  • Grandiose fantasies about self
  • Don’t develop deep relationships
  • Need constant praise and recognition
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12
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder prevalence?

A

Higher in males, business majors

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13
Q

What is borderline personality disorder?

A
  • Central characteristics: emotionally unstable, intense relationships
  • Parasuicide - suicide attempts and/or self-harming tendencies
  • Emotion dysregulation
  • Abandonment issues
  • “Splitting” - extremes in thinking, go from idealizing to hating
  • Clingy dependency
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14
Q

What does borderline personality disorder overlap with

A
  • Schizotypal PD - bizarre behaviors
  • Antisocial PD - impulsive behaviors
  • Narcissistic PD - self-focused and hypersensitive
  • Histrionic PD - dramatic attention-seeking, manipulative
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15
Q

What is antisocial personality disorder?

A
  • Ego-centric, grandiose, superficial
  • Lack remorse or empathy - “callousness”, “cold/calculating”
  • See others as objects
  • Impulsive, irresponsible
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16
Q

Physiological differences in antisocial personality disorder

A

Slower alpha waves -> lower arousal levels

17
Q

Prevalence of antisocial personality disorder

A

Significantly more males

18
Q

Prevalence of borderline personality disorder

A

2/3 of those diagnosed are female

19
Q

Recent research on antisocial personality disorder

A

Antisocial PD people have particularly strong BAS - they go after what they want, and don’t care about avoiding the consequences (low BIS in comparison)

20
Q

What is BAS?

A

Behavioral activation system - activates towards perceived rewards

21
Q

What is BIS?

A

Behavioral inhibition system - activates toward avoidance of perceived punishment

22
Q

Primary vs secondary psychopaths

A

Primary: greater callousness
Secondary: show some emotions but their drive for rewards supercedes emotions

23
Q

What does Cluster C consist of in personality disorders?

A

Anxious/fearful behaviors, similar to social phobia

  • Avoidant personality disorder
  • Dependent personality disorder
  • Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
24
Q

What is avoidant personality disorder?

A

Avoids social interactions

  • Low self-esteem, fears negative evaluations
  • Key: Do desire relationships unlike schizoids, but they fear negative evaluations
  • Appear shy and withdrawn
  • Scan environment for signs of rejection
  • Tend to avoid new situations
  • Prevalence: equally male and female
25
Q

Difference between social phobia and avoidant PD?

A

Social phobia more females than males, possess stronger social communication skills than avoidant

26
Q

What is dependent personality disorder?

A

Dependent on other people (persistent, consistent, rigid dependence)

  • Defer to others when making decisions
  • Fear separation and aloneness, must always be in a relationship
27
Q

Dependent PD prevalence?

A

Clinical samples: more females

Community samples: equally male/female

28
Q

What is obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

A
  • Rigid in behavior, but lack ritualistic behaviors and obsessive thinking
  • Control issue
  • Lack warmth and tenderness
  • Morally inflexible
  • Extreme perfectionism - difficulty in making decisions
  • Rules + neatness are important
29
Q

General diagnostic criteria for personality disorder

A

1) Enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from expectations of individual’s culture, manifested in cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control
2) Enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive
3) Enduring pattern leads to clinically significant distress or impairment
4) Pattern is stable and long duration
5) Enduring pattern not result of another mental disorder
6) Enduring pattern not due to direct physiological effects of substance

Psych 305 (11 decks)

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