Chapter 17: The Uterus and The Vagina Flashcards
(242 cards)
1
Q
a focal mass of adenomyosis
A
adenomyoma
2
Q
the benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus
A
adenomyosis
3
Q
failure of an organ or structure to grow during embryologic development
A
agenesis
4
Q
the absence of menstruation
A
amenorrhea
5
Q
the uterine body tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix, forming an acute angle between the body and the cervix
A
anteflexion
6
Q
the typical version of the uterus where the uterine body tilts forward, forming a 90 degree angle with the cervix
A
anteversion
7
Q
a benign cyst that is located in one of the Bartholin glands in the region of the vulva
A
Bartholin duct cyst
8
Q
the outer layer of the endometrium
A
basal layer
9
Q
a common uterine anomaly in which the endometrium divides into two horns; also referred to as bircornis unicollis
A
bicornuate uterus
10
Q
limp
A
boggy
11
Q
pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis
A
broad ligament
12
Q
an overgrowth of epithelial cells within the cervix resulting in a broad based or pedunculated mass of tissue
A
cervical polyp
13
Q
the rigid region of the uterus between the isthmus and the vagina
A
cervix
14
Q
physical defects that are present in a person at birth; may also be referred to as congenital anomalies
A
congenital malformations
15
Q
areas just inferior to the fundus of the uterus where the fallopian tubes are attached bilaterally
A
cornua (uterus)
16
Q
the uterine body
A
corpus
17
Q
the long axis of the uterus deviating to the right of the midline
A
dextroverted uterus
18
Q
a drug administered to pregnant woman from the 1940s to the 1970s to treat threatened abortions and premature labor that has been linked with uterine malformation in the exposed fetus
A
DES
19
Q
difficult or painful defecation
A
dyschezia
20
Q
difficult or painful menstruation
A
dysmennorhea
21
Q
painful sexual intercourse
A
dyspareunia
22
Q
painful or difficult urination
A
dysuria
23
Q
area that lies between the two layers of endometrium; may also be referred to as the uterine cavity
A
endometrial cavity
24
Q
the inner mucosal layer of the uterus
A
endometrium
25
the inferior portion of the cervix that is in close contact with the vagina
external os
26
fibroid
leiomyoma
27
the functional inner layer of the endometrium that is altered by the hormones of the menstrual cycle
functional layer
28
the most superior and widest portion of the uterus
fundus
29
a benign cyst located within the vagina
Gartner duct cyst
30
blood accumulation within the vagina
hematocolpos
31
blood accumulation within the uterine cavity
hematometra
32
blood accumulation within the uterus and vagina
hematometrocolpos
33
fluid accumulation within the vagina
hydrocolpos
34
fluid accumulation within the uterus and vagina
hydrometrocolpos
35
the surgical removal of the uterus
hysterectomy
36
a radiographic procedure that uses a dye instilled into the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities
hysterosalpingography
37
the surgical repair of a uterine septum in a septate uterus using hysteroscopy
hysteroscopic uterine septoplasty
38
a vaginal anomaly in which the hymen has no opening, therefore resulting in an obstruction of the vagina
imperforate hymen
39
the superior portion of the cervix closest to the isthmus
internal os
40
a leiomyoma located within the uterine cavity
intracavitary
41
location of a leiomyoma within the myometrium of the uterus
intramural
42
area of the uterus between the corpus and the cervix
isthmus
43
a benign, smooth muscle tumor of the uterus; may also be referred to as a fibroid or uterine myoma
leiomyoma
44
the malignant manifestation of a leiomyoma
leiomyosarcoma
45
the long axis of the uterus deviating to the left of midline
levoverted uterus
46
the term used for the isthmus of the uterus during pregnancy
lower uterine segment
47
a fibroid treatment that utilizes focused high-frequency, high-energy ultrasound guided by MRI to heat and destroy fibroid tissue
magnetic resonance imaging-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound
48
excessive and prolonged bleeding at irregular intervals
menorrhagia
49
paired embryonic ducts that develop into the female urogenital tract
Mullerian ducts
50
having birthed more than one child
multiparous
51
the surgical removal of a myoma (fibroid) of the uterus
myomectomy
52
the muscular layer of the uterus
myometrium
53
benign cysts located within the cervix
nabothian cysts
54
the first 4 weeks (28 days) after birth
neonatal
55
never given birth
nulliparous
56
the total number of pregnancies in which the patient has given birth to a fetus at or beyond 20 weeks gestational age or an infant weighing more than 500g
parity
57
something that grows off of a stalk
pedunculated
58
the outer layer of the uterus; may also be referred to as the serosal layer
perimetrium
59
pubertal development before the age of 7; the early development of pubic hair, breast, or genitals
precocious puberty
60
secondary sexual development induced by sex steroids or from other sources such as an ovarian tumor, adrenal tumor, or steroid use
pseudoprecocious puberty
61
the uterine body tilts backward and comes in contact with the cervix, forming an acute angle between the body and the cervix
retroflexion
62
the uterine body tilts backward, without a bend where the cervix and body meet
retroversion
63
a sonographic procedure that uses saline instillation in the endometrial cavity, and, possibly, the fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities; also referred to as sonohysterography
saline infusion sonohysterography
64
common congenital malformation of the uterus that results in a single septum that separates two endometrial cavities
septate uterus
65
the outermost layer of the uterus; may also be referred to as the perimetrium
serosal layer
66
a leiomyoma that distorts the shape of the endometrium
submucosal
67
congenital malformation of the uterus that results in a normal uterine contour with an endometrium that branches into two horns
subseptate uterus
68
location of a leiomyoma in which the tumor grows outward and distorts the contour of the uterus
subserosal
69
twisting
torsion
70
congenital malformation of the uterus that results in a uterus with one horn
unicornuate uterus
71
procedure used to block the blood supply to a leiomyoma
uterine artery embolization
72
uterine myoma
leiomyoma
73
congenital malformation of the uterus that results in the complete duplication of the uterus, cervix, and vagina
uterus didelphys
74
occlusion or imperforation of the vagina; can be congenital or acquired
vaginal atresia
75
the portion of the vagina remaining after a hysterectomy
vaginal cuff
76
recesses of the vagina
vaginal fornices
77
collective term for the mons pubis, labia majora, and labia minora, vestibule, Bartholin gland, and clitoris
vulva
78
cyclic pelvic pain, enlarged uterus, abdominal pain, urinary retention, amennorhea
Vaginal obstructions
79
distention of the uterus or vagina or both with anechoic or complex fluid
vaginal obstruction
80
uterine enlargement, boggy, tender uterus, dysmennorhea, menometrorrhagia, pelvic pain, dyschezia, dyspareunia, multiparous
adenomyosis
81
diffusely enlarged uterus, hypoechoic or echogenic areas adjacent to endometrium, heterogenous myometrium, myometrial cysts, ill-defined interface between myometrium and endometrium, thickening of the fundus or posterior myometrium
Adenomyosis
82
pelvic pressure, menorrhagia, palpable pelvic mass, enlarged bulky uterus, urinary frequency, dysuria, constipation, infertility
uterine leiomyoma
83
hypoechoic mass within the uterus, posterior shadowing from the mass, may have calcifications or cystic components
uterine leiomyoma
84
pelvic pressure and pain, menorrhagia, palpable abdominal mass, enlarged bulky uterus, urinary frequency, dysuria, constipation
leiomyosarcoma
85
rapidly growing mass within the uterus, hypoechoic mass within the uterus, posterior shadowing, may have calcifications or cystic components
leiomyosarcoma
86
anechoic mass within the cervix, may be multiple, may be complex
Nabothian cyst
87
anechoic or complex mass within the vagina
Gartner Duct Cyst
88
painful swelling and enlargement in the area of the vulva, fever, dysuria, dyspareunia
Bartholin Duct Cyst or Abscess
89
simple cyst; abscess may contain debris and produce dirty shadowing, Color Doppler may provide evidence of hyperemia due to infection
Bartholin Duct Cyst or Abscess
90
early development of secondary sexual characteristics with menses, ovulation, and elevated gonadotropin levels
isosexual precocity
91
characterized by isolated pubic hair development and increased levels of adrenal androgens
premature adrenarche
92
characterized by isolated breast development with normal prepubertal hormones
premature thelarche
93
body changes typically occurring at puberty, such as enlargement of breasts and growth of pubic hair
secondary sexual characteristics
94
a condition in which a female develops physical changes that are associated with male hormones (androgens) such as hair growth
virilization
95
Genetic gender is determined at ____ or _____
fertilization
conception
96
Female development requires the absence of ______
testosterone
97
Gender is not typically apparent until about the ____ week of embryonic life
12th
98
The uterus, vagina, and fallopian tubes develop from paired ______
Mullerian ducts
99
Mullerian ducts are also known as:
paramesonephric ducts
100
pear shaped, retroperitoneal organ
uterus
101
The uterus lies anterior to the ____ and posterior to the _____
rectum
urinary bladder
102
The uterus is bounded laterally by the ______
broad ligaments
103
The primary function of the _____ is to provide a place for the products of conception to implant and develop
uterus
104
Four major divisions of the uterus
fundus
corpus
isthmus
cervix
105
most superior and widest portion of the uterus
fundus
106
Each fallopian tube attaches to the uterus at the level of the uterine horns called the:
cornua
107
largest part of the uterus
corpus
108
The corpus is ____ to the fundus
inferior
109
area located between the corpus and the cervix
isthmus
110
During pregnancy the isthmus may be referred to as the _____
lower uterine segment
111
rigid component of uterus
cervix
112
The cervix is _____ to the isthmus
inferior
113
Portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina
cervix
114
The cervix is marked superiorly by the _____, which is in contact with the isthmus
internal os
115
The cervix is marked posteriorly by the _____ which is in close contact with the vagina.
external os
116
tubular organ that extends from the external os of the cervix to the external genitalia
vagina
117
envelope inferior aspect of cervix
vaginal fornices
118
3 layers of vagina
inner mucosal layer
middle muscular layer
outer adventitia layer
119
The uterine wall consists of three layers:
serosal layer or perimetrium
myometrium or muscular layer
endometrium
120
component shed during menstruation
functional layer of endo
121
also referred to as the uterine cavity
endometrial cavity
122
The neonatal uterus may exhibit distinct endo echoes in the 1st week of life as a result of _______
maternal hormone stimulation
122
The neonatal uterus appears as:
prominent tubular structure
123
Normal prepubertal uterus cervix to uterus ratio
2:1
124
Nulliparous adult uterus length and AP
6-8.5 cm
2-4 cm
125
Multiparous adult uterus length and AP
8-10.5 cm
3-5 cm
126
Postmenopausal adult uterus length and AP
3.5-7.5 cm
1.7-3.3 cm
127
uterine position in which the body tilts forward or anteriorly forming a 90 degree angle with vagina
anteversion
128
denotes position in which uterine body folds forward, possibly coming in contact with the uterus
anteflexion
129
position in which uterine body tilts backward or posteriorly, without a bend where the cervix and body meet
retroversion
130
uterine body tilts backward and actually comes in contact with cervix
retroflexion
131
uterus located more on the left
levoverted
132
uterus located more on the right
dextroverted
133
Uterine malformations are a result of fusion anomalies of the ______
Mullerian ducts
134
common uterine anomaly that is present when the endometrium divides into two endometrial cavities with one cervix, with a prominent concavity noted in the outline of the uterine fundus
bicornuate uterus
135
uterus has only one horn
unicornuate uterus
136
uterus that has two completely separate uterine cavities separated by an AP septum
septate uterus
137
characterized by an incomplete septum, has a narrow contour with an endometrium that branches into two horns
subseptate uterus
138
subtle variant in which endo has a concave contour at the uterine fundus
arcuate uterus
139
completed duplication of vagina, cervix, and uterus
uterus didelphys
140
drug administered to pregnant women from the 1940s to the 1970s to treat threatened abortions and premature labor; have been linked to menstrual disorders, infertility, and OB complications
DES
141
The ______ uterus explicit connection with spontaneous abortion
septate
142
radiographic study that utilizes contrast to evaluate uterine cavity and fallopian tubes
hysterosalpingography
143
resection of septum
hysteroscopic uterine septoplasty
144
vagina distended with simple, anechoic fluid
hydrocolpos
145
blood components from menstruation retained in uterine cavity or vagina
hematometra/ hematrocolpos
146
condition when both the uterine cavity and vagina are filled with blood
hematometrocolpos
147
invasion of endometrial tissue into myometrium
adenomyosis
148
common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding
adenomyosis
149
In adenomyosis, the basal layer of endometrium can often extend into the myometrium at depths of at least ___mm
2.5
150
focal adenomyosis in the form of a mass
adenomyoma
151
uterus will appear diffusely enlarged and heterogenous, may be indistinct hypoechoic or echogenic areas scattered throughout myometrium with small myometrial cysts
Adenomyosis
152
Adenomyosis is often present in a uterus affected by:
fibroid tumors
153
risk factors for adenomyosis
early menarche
shorter menstrual cycles
154
benign, smooth muscle tumor of the uterus
leiomyoma
155
most common gynecologic tumors
leiomyoma
156
leading cause of hysterectomy and gynecologic surgery
leiomyoma
157
solid, hypoechoic masses that produce posterior shadowing, may have calcifications or cystic components
leiomyoma
158
leiomyoma located within the myometriu m
intramural
159
most common location of leiomyomas
intramural
160
leiomyoma that grows outward and distorts contour of uterus, pedunculated, associated with broad ligament, may undergo torsion
subserosal
161
leiomyoma located adjacent to endometrial cavity; often distort shape of endometrium
submucosal
162
leiomyoma located within the uterine cavity; usually lead to abnormal uterine bleeding because of location in relation to endo
intrcavitary
163
Fibroid growth is associated with ____ stimulation
estrogen
164
____ or _____ fibroids may lead to infertility
intracavitary
submucosal
165
Leiomyosarcoma are most commonly found in
African American Women
166
The median age for leiomyosarcomas is:
54
167
benign retention cysts located within the cervix
Nabothian cyst
168
most common female malignancy in women younger than 50
cervical carcinoma
169
The greatest risk factor for cervical carcinoma is:
HPV
170
imhomogenous, bulky, enlarged cervix or as a focal mass within the cervix
cervical carcinoma
171
The cervical width should not exceed ___ cm
4
172
In patients with a hysterectomy, the cervical remnant should not exceed ___ cm in AP
4.4
173
The vaginal cuff should not exceed __ cm
2
174
narrowing of the endocervical canal
cervical stenosis
175
overgrowth of epithelial cells within the cervix, resulting in broad based or pedunculated mass of tissue; chronic inflammation, bleeding, possible infection
cervical polyp
176
within vagina on wall; typically small; asymptomatic; remnants of mesonephric or Wolffian duct; anechoic or complex
Gartner Duct Cyst
177
benign cyst that is located within one of the Bartholin glands in the region of the vulva
Bartholid duct cyst
178
mucus-secreting glands, located on posterolateral aspect of vaginal orifice
Bartholin glands
179
pubertal development before the age of 7
precocious puberty
180
hormone produced by the hypothalamus
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
181
may be associated with intracranial tumors, infection, congenital abnormality, or traumatic injury to hypothalamus
true precocious puberty
182
The brain tumor most likely associated with true precocious puberty
hypothalamic hamartoma
183
Pseduoprecious puberty has been linked to _____, ______, and _____ tumors
ovarian
adrenal
liver
184
Adrenal tumors may also lead to:
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
185
absent or incomplete breast development after age of 12
Delayed puberty
186
also known as monsomy X or gonadal dysgenesis
Turner syndome
187
small stature, webbed neck, poor breast development, rudimentary ovaries, primary amennorhea
Turner Syndrome
188
What is the brain tumor that is most likely associated with precocious puberty?
hypothalamic hamartoma
189
Which of the following would be found in the region of the vulva?
a. Gartner duct cyst
b. Nabothian cyst
c. Cervical polyp
d. Bartholin cyst
d
190
What is dyschezia?
painful defecation
191
What is another name for the perimetrium?
Serosal layer
192
Which of the following is the term for the accumulation of blood within the endometrium?
a. hydrometra
b. hydrocolpos
c. hematocolpos
d. hematometra
d
193
Which of the following may stimulate leiomyoma growth?
a. Follicle-stimulating hormone
b. Prolactin
c. estrogen
d. luteinizing hormone
c
194
In postpubertal young girls, what is a likely cause of cyclic abdominal pain, amenorrhea, and an enlarged uterus?
imperforate hymen
195
What word part means horn?
cornu
196
Which of the following is characterized by an incomplete septum and a normal uterine contour with an endometrium that branches into two horns?
a. uterus didelphys
b. unicornuate uterus
c. subseptate uterus
d. septate uterus
c
197
What layer of the endometrium is typically affected by adenomyosis?
Basal
198
All of the following are parts of the uterus except:
a. corpus
b. fundus
c. cervix
d. vagina
d
199
What is the most common caused of delayed puberty in the presence of an elevation in follicle-stimulating hormone?
gonadal dysgenesis
200
Which of the following is thought to be remnants of the Wolffian duct?
a. Nabothian cyst
b. Gartner duct cyst
c. Bartholin duct cyst
d. Leiomyoma
b
201
Which of the following fibroid locations would most likely result in abnormal uterine bleeding because of its relationship to the endometrium?
a. submucosal
b. intramural
c. subserosal
d. subserosal pedunculated
a
202
All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with adenomyosis except:
a. diffuse, enlarged uterus
b. myometrial cysts
c. hypoechoic areas adjacent to the endometrium
d. complex adnexal mass
d
203
The largest part of the uterus is the:
corpus
204
Which of the following would be most indicative of a leiomyosarcoma?
a. vaginal bleeding
b. rapid growth
c. dysuria
d. large hypoechoic mass
b
205
The inferior portion of the cervix closest to the vagina is the:
external os
206
The inner mucosal lining of the uterus is the:
endometrium
207
Difficult or painful intercourse is referred to as:
dyspareunia
208
What congenital malformation of the uterus is common and has a clear association with an increased risk for spontaneous abortion?
septate uterus
209
Absence of menstruation is referred to as:
amenorrhea
210
The invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus is referred to as:
adenomyosis
211
Pseudoprecocious puberty may be associated with all of the following except:
a. ovarian tumor
b. adrenal tumor
c. liver tumor
d. brain tumor
d
212
The layer of the endometrium that is significantly altered as a result of hormonal stimulation during the menstrual cycle is the:
functional layer
213
The most superior and widest portion of the uterus is the:
fundus
214
A 24 year old female patient presents to the sonography department for a pelvic sonogram with an indication of pelvic pain. Upon sonographic interrogation, the sonographer notes an anechoic mass within the vagina. This mass most likely represents a(n):
Gartner duct cyst
215
What section of the uterus is also referred to as the lower uterine segment?
isthmus
216
The outer layer of the endometrium is the:
basal layer
217
Which of the following would be considered the more common uterine anomaly?
a. bicornis univernus
b. bicornis bicollis
c. uterus didelphys
d. septate uterus
d
218
The rigid region of the uterus located between the vagina and the isthmus is the:
cervix
219
Upon sonographic evaluation of a patient complaining of abdominal distention, you visualize a large, hypoechoic mass distorting the anterior border of the uterus. What is the most likely location of this mass?
subserosal
220
A simple fluid accumulation within the vagina secondary to an imperforate hymen is:
hydrocolpos
221
The uterine position in which the corpus tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix describes:
anteflexion
222
What leiomyoma location would have an increased risk to undergo torsion?
pedunculated
223
A 13 year old girl presents to the sonography department with a history of cyclic pain, abdominal swelling, and amennorhea. Sonographically, you visualized an enlarged uterus and a distended vagina that contains anechoic fluid with debris. What is the most likely diagnosis?
hematocolpos
224
All of the following are clinical findings associated with leiomyoma except:
a. myometrial cysts
b. infertility
c. palpable pelvic mass
d. menorrhagia
a
225
The surgical removal of a fibroid is termed:
myomectomy
226
Which of the following is typically not a clinical complaint of women who are suffering from adenomyosis?
a. amenorrhea
b. dysmennorhea
c. dyspareunia
d. menometrorrhagia
a
227
The paired embryonic ducts that develop into the female urogenital tract are the:
Mullerian ducts
228
Precocious puberty is defined as the development of pubic hair, breasts and genitals before the ago of:
7
229
Abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual flow between periods is termed:
menometrorrhagia
230
Leiomyomas that project from a stalk are termed:
pedunculated
231
Congenital malformation of the uterus that results in complete duplication of the genital tract is:
uterus didelphys
232
A 38 year old female patient presents to the sonography department for a pelvic sonogram with an indication of pelvic pain. Upon sonography interrogation, the sonographer notes an anechoic mass within the cervix. This mass most likely represents a:
nabothian cyst
233
Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus denotes:
a. the benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium
b. the ectopic location of endometrial tissue in the adnexa
c. the malignant counterpart of a fibroid
d. an anechoic, simple cyst located within the cervix
c
234
The location of a fibroid within the myometrium is termed:
intramural
235
The superior portion of the cervix is the:
internal os
236
Anechoic fluid noted distending the uterus and vagina within a pediatric patient is termed:
hydrometrocolpos
237
The normal position of the uterus is:
anteverted
238
The area of attachment of the fallopian tubes to the uterus is the:
cornua
239
The recesses of the vagina are the:
fornices
240
A patient presents to the sonography department for a pelvic sonogram with a history of adenomyosis that was diagnosed following an MRI of the pelvis. What are the most likely sonographic findings?
a. Complex, bilateral adenexal masses
b. myometrial cysts with enlargement of the posterior uterine wall
c. endometrial thinning and cervical dilation
d. uterine atrophy with bilateral ovarian cysts
b
241
