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Sonographic Topics > Chapter 20: Postmenopausal Sonography and Sonohysterography > Flashcards

Chapter 20: Postmenopausal Sonography and Sonohysterography Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following utilizes fluoroscopy to analyze the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes?
a. HyCoSy
b. Hysteroscopy
c. SIS
d. Hysterosalpingography

A

d

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2
Q

CA-125 has been shown to elevate in all of the following except:
a. ovarian cancer
b. endometrial cancer
c. pelvic inflammatory disease
d. Asherman syndrome

A

d

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3
Q

What contrast agent is used during sonohysterography?

A

saline

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4
Q

What is defined as bone density lower than normal?

A

osteopenia

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5
Q

Why are the postmenopausal ovaries more difficult to visualize sonographically?

A

they become smaller and lose their follicles

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6
Q

Which of the following is true concerning the uterus following menopause?
a. the uterus enlarges
b. the uterus becomes more anechoic
c. the uterus becomes more hypoechoic
d. The uterus becomes atrophic

A

d

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7
Q

What may be used to combat the reduction of estrogen circulating in the female body following menopause?

A

HRT

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8
Q

Which o fth efollowing would be the least likely cause of PMB?
a. endometrial atrophy
b. endometrial enlargement
c. endometrial carcinoma
d. endometrial hyperplasia

A

b

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9
Q

In a menstruating patient, obstruction of the cervical canal by a large cervical mass could lead to:

A

hematometra

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10
Q

Synechaie within the uterus results from:

A

scar tissue

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11
Q

Which of the following is not an indication for SIS?
a. abnormal uterine bleeding
b. multiparity
c. recurrent pregnancy loss
d. diffuse endometrial thickening

A

b

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12
Q

What is the most likely pulsed Doppler characteristic of endometrial cancer?

A

low-impedance flow

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13
Q

The absence of menstrual bleeding is termed:

A

amennorhea

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14
Q

Asherman syndrome is associated with:

A

endometrial adhesions

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15
Q

What would increase a patient’s likelihood of suffering from thromboembolism?

A

ERT

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16
Q

What is used as a tumor marker for endometrial carcinoma?

A

CA-125

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17
Q

The removal of tissue from the endometrium by scraping is termed:

A

curettage

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18
Q

What is the most common form of endometrial carcinoma?

A

adenocarcinoma

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19
Q

Measurement of the endometrium should include the:

A

measurement from the basal layer to the basal layer

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20
Q

The most common cause of postmenopausal bleeding is:

A

endometrial atrophy

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21
Q

Which of the following is not associated with endometrial hyperplasia?
a. Tamoxifen therapy
b. Polycystic ovary syndrome
c. ovarian thecoma
d. Asherman syndrome

A

d

22
Q

The best description for endometrial polyps is:

A

benign nodules of hyperplastic endometrial tissue

23
Q

Blood accumulation within the uterus is termed:

A

hematometra

24
Q

Which of the following would increase the risk of a patient developing endometrial cancer?
a. unopposed ERT
b. multiparity
c. osteoporosis
d. endometrial atrophy

A

a

25
Q

What is a gynecological procedure to remove an endometrial polyp?

A

hysteroscopy with polypectomy

26
Q

Cessation of menstruation with advanced age is termed:

A

menopause

27
Q

Stein-Leventhal syndrome is related to all of the following except:
a. infertility
b. anovulatory cycles
c. hirsutism
d. ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

A

d

28
Q

What hormone plays a major role in the symptoms associated with menopause?

A

estrogen

29
Q

The breast cancer treatment drug that may alter the sonographic appearance of the endometrium is:

A

tamoxifen

30
Q

Possible benefits of ERT include all of the following except:
a. reduction is osteoporosis risk
b. reduction in colon cancer risk
c. reduction in heart disease risk
d. reduction in endometrial cancer risk

A

d

31
Q

Which of the following does not occur as a result of menopause?
a. uterine atrophy
b. decreased sexual libido
c. accumulation of fat in the breasts
d. cystic enlargement of the ovaries

A

d

32
Q

Unopposed estrogen therapy has been shown to increase the risk for developing:

A

endometrial carcinoma

33
Q

The sonographic appearance of a 59 year old woman on HRT is:

A

variable depending upon the menstrual cycle

34
Q

Tamoxifen has been linked with all of the following except:
a. endometrial polyps
b. endometrial hyperplasia
c. endometrial leiomyoma
d. endometrial carcinoma

A

c

35
Q

Which of the following ovarian tumors would be most likely to cause postmenopausal bleeding?
a. cystic teratoma
b. endometrioma
c. thecoma
d. fibroma

A

c

36
Q

Tamoxifen effects on the endometrium will sonographically appear as:

A

cystic changes within a thickened endometrium

37
Q

Which of the following would most likely lead to the development of endometrial adhesions?
a. endometrial carcinoma
b. D&C
c. pregnancy
d. adenomyomatosis

A

b

38
Q

Causes of postmenopausal bleeding include all of the following except:
a. Asherman syndrome
b. endometrial atrophy
c. endometrial hyperplasia
d. intracavitary fibroids

A

a

39
Q

An asymptomatic 65 year old patient presents to the sonography department with pelvic pain but no vaginal bleeding. Her endometrial thickness should not exceed:

A

8mm

40
Q

An 84 year old patient presents to the sonography department with sudden onset of vaginal bleeding. Her endometrium should not exceed:

A

4mm

41
Q

With endometrial atrophy, the endometrial thickness should not exceed:

A

4mm

42
Q

A 68 year old patient presents to the sonography department complaining of vaginal bleeding. The most likely cause of her bleeding is:

A

endometrial atrophy

43
Q

A 60 year old patient presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of vaginal bleeding. The sonographic examination reveals an endometrium that measures 4mm. There are no other significant sonographic findings. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

endometrial atrophy

44
Q

A 67 year old patient on HRT presents to the sonography department with abnormal uterine bleeding. Sonographically, the endometrium is diffusely thickened, contains small cystic areas, and measures 9mm in thickness. The most likely cause of her bleeding is:

A

endometrial hyperplasia

45
Q

Endometrial hyperplasia may be caused by all of the following except:
a. HRT
b. ERT
c. endometrial atrophy
d. tamoxifen

A

c

46
Q

All of the following are clinical findings with endometrial hyperplasia except:
a. obesity
b. polycystic ovary syndrome
c. abnormal uterine bleeding
d. thickened endometrium

A

d

47
Q

The sonographic findings of an endometrial polyp may include:
a. diffuse thickening of the endometrium
b. menometrorrhagia
c. intermenstrual bleeding
d. infertility

A

diffuse thickening of the endometrium

48
Q

Endometrial polyps are associated with all of the following except:
a. intermenstrual bleeding
b. tamoxifen therapy
c. prolapse through the cervix
d. coronary heart disease

A

d

49
Q

A 34 year old patient presents to the sonography department for an endovaginal sonogram complaining of intermenstrual bleeding. The sonographic findings include a focal irregularity and enlargement of one area of the endometrium. The most likely diagnosis is:

A

endometrial polyps

50
Q

The most common female genital tract malignancy is the:

A

endometrial carcinoma

51
Q

A 31 year old patient presents to the sonography department for an SIS complaining of intermenstrual bleeding and infertility. Sonographically, a mass is demonstrated emanating from the myometrium and distorting the endometrial cavity. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

submucosal leiomyoma

52
Q
A

Sonographic Topics (35 decks)

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