Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P II > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Urinary System

A

Regulate plasma ionic composition
* Regulate plasma volume
* Regulate plasma osmolarity
* Regulate plasma pH
* Remove metabolic waste products and foreign substances
from plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Other functions of Urinary system

A
  • Secrete erythropoietin and renin
  • Activate vitamin D3
    to calcitriol
  • Gluconeogenesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Structures of the Urinary System

A

Kidneys: form urine
* Ureters: transport urine from kidneys to bladder
* Bladder: store urine
* Urethra: excrete urine from bladder to outside of
body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

label figure 18.1 and 18.2

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nephron

A

functional unit of a kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Renal corpuscle includes what 2 structures

A

Glomerulus = capillary network for filtration
Bowman’s capsule
* Receives the filtrate
* Inflow to renal tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Proximal tubule

A
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • Proximal straight tubule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Loop of Henle

A
  • Descending limb
  • Thin ascending limb
  • Thick ascending limb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Distal convoluted tubule

A

Connecting tubule
* Collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

label 18.3

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cortical nephrons

A

Short loop of Henle
* Most numerous, 80–85%
- produce urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Juxtamedullary nephron

A

Long loop of Henle extends into medulla
* Responsible for the medullary osmotic gradient
- produce urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Glomerular filtration:

A

from glomerulus
to Bowman’s capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Reabsorption

A

from tubules to peritubular
capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Secretion

A

from peritubular capillaries to tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Excretion

A

from tubules out of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Glomerular filtrate must cross what three barriers to enter
Bowman’s capsule

A

Capillary endothelial layer
* Surrounding epithelial layer
* Basement membrane sandwiched between these two layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Starling forces

A
  • Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
  • Bowman’s capsule oncotic pressure
  • Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure
  • Glomerular oncotic pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Starling forces favoring filtration

A
  • Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
  • Bowman’s capsule oncotic pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Starling forces opposing filtration

A
  • Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure
  • Glomerular oncotic pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

60 mm Hg
* High due to resistance of efferent arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bowman’s capsule oncotic pressure

A
  • 0 mm Hg
  • Low due to lack of protein in filtrate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure

A

15 mm Hg
* Relatively high (compared to systemic capillaries) due to
large volume of filtrate in closed space

24
Q

Glomerular oncotic pressure

A

29 mm Hg
* Higher than in systemic capillaries due to plasma proteins
in smaller volume of plasma

25
Filtered load =
GFR X Px
26
___ liters fluid filtered/day
180
27
Small increase in GFR ->
large increase in volume of fluid filtered and excreted
28
Intrinsic regulation of GFR
- Myogenic regulation - Tubuloglomerular feedback
29
Myogenic regulation
Smooth muscle in wall of afferent arteriole * Contracts in response to stretch
30
Tubuloglomerular feedback
* Macula densa cells secrete paracrine factors in response to an increase in flow of fluid past them * Smooth muscles of arterioles contract in response to these paracrines
31
Extrinsic control of GFR
* Decreases in BP can decrease GFR * Directly (decrease in filtration pressure) * Indirectly through extrinsic controls
32
Solute reabsorption occurs where?
Most occurs in proximal convoluted tubules * Some occurs in distal convoluted tubules
33
Barrier for reabsorption
- Epithelial cells of renal tubules * Endothelial cells of capillaries (minimal)
34
Renal threshold
for a solute that is normally 100% reabsorbed
35
Apical membrane:
secondary active transport
36
Basolateral membrane
facilitated diffusion
37
Secretion
Solute moves from peritubular capillaries into tubules * Barriers are the same as for reabsorption * Transport mechanisms are the same, but in the opposite direction
38
Secreted substances
Potassium * Hydrogen ions * Choline * Creatinine * Penicillin
39
Proximal tubule is the mass reabsorber bc
70% sodium and water * 100% glucose
40
Brush border provides for
large surface area
41
Leaky tight junctions allow
paracellular transport
42
Transport is regulated across
epithelium
43
Tight junctions limit
paracellular transport
44
Loop of Henle establishes conditions necessary to
concentrate urine * Minimizes water loss
45
Amount of substance excreted =
amount filtered + amount secreted – amount reabsorbed
46
Amount excreted depends on three factors:
* Filtered load * Secretion rate * Reabsorption rate
47
If amount of solute excreted per minute is less than filtered load ->
solute was reabsorbed
48
* If amount of solute excreted per minute is greater than filtered load ->
solute was secreted
49
Clearance Cx
Volume of plasma from which a substance has been removed by kidneys per unit time (volume of plasma that contains the amount of a substance that has been excreted per unit time)
50
If Cx> GFR
then substance was secreted
51
If Cx < GFR
then substance was reabsorbed
52
Micturition =
urination
53
Where is urine formed?
renal tubules
54
Urine drains into?
renal pelvis and into ureter
55
ureters lead to
bladder
56
What stores urine
bladder
57
label diagram 18.21

A&P II (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions