Chapter 18 Flashcards
(46 cards)
common; causes vaginal discharge,
itching, and irritation due to yeast infection.
vaginitis
an inflammation of the fallopian tubes,
along with ovaries at times; due to the cause of
secondary to the spread of cervical _____ or
______ infection. PID predisposes to ____
pregnancy (implantation of the ovum in the fallopian
tube)
Salpingitis / PID (also called pelvic inflammatory disease) gonorrheal chlamydial ectopic
Outside uterine cavity – 95% Fallopian tubes • \_\_ in every 200 pregnancies • Most are symptomatic • Predisposing factors – \_\_\_\_ infections – Previous \_\_\_\_ – \_\_\_ use – previous ectopic pregnancy history -missed \_\_\_\_\_ -other signs of \_\_\_ pregnancy -\_\_\_\_ bleeding 6-8 weeks after last period -upon rupture, bleeding may be excessive -lower abdominal pain may be sharp unilateral constant diffused or localized may be referred to \_\_\_\_\_\_
ectopic pregnancy 1 tubual PID IUD period vaginal shoulder
________ or unexplained ________ + woman of __________ age = ectopic pregnancy
until proven otherwise!
abdominal pain
hypovolemia
child bearing
known as super estrogen
Nonsteroidal estrogens used from 1946–1970 to
treat mothers who were prone to spontaneous
______
• Disorders in ______ of women who received
diethylstilbestrol (DES) therapy during pregnancy.
• _________: Puberty before the specified
age
• ______ adenocarcinoma of the cervix and vaginal
adenosis (benign condition characterized by
mucosal ______ epithelium-lined changes) in
areas normally lined by _______
epithelium (metaplasia), may also occur in these
patients.
diethylstilbestrol (DES) abortion daughters precocious puberty clear cell columnar stratified squamous
Deep penetration of the placental
villi into the wall of uterus. Patients with previous
cesarean section are pre disposed to this condition.
Treatment: surgery to stop ______
placenta accreta
bleeding
implantation of the zygote in the lower section of the uterus– Patients experience
painless bleeding. Treatment is delivery by ______
placenta previa
C-section
Partial/complete premature
separation of the placenta which is an obstetric
emergency for mother and fetus- Patients experience
painful bleeding with abdominal pain. Treatment:
immediate_____ & control ______
abruptio placentae
delivery, bleeding
Termination of pregnancy before the 22 th week of gestation.
• Signs and symptoms include cramping, abdominal pain,
backache, and vaginal bleeding.
abortion
• _____ or ________competes with progesterone
for the progesterone receptors.
• Mechanism of action: Without progesterone, the
lining of the women’s uterus breaks down and sheds
like normal menstrual cycle. In addition, the drug opens
the ____ and influence contractions with help of
_____ to dislodge and expel the embryo. Ru-
486 works only during the first __ weeks of pregnancy,
or up to 63 days from the start of the women’s last
menstrual period. After this time, the level of
progesterone goes up in a higher level where RU-486
is not effective.
progesterone antagonist RU-486, Mifepristone cervix prostaglandin 9
False labor that increases in intensity and frequency but does not cause cervical change • Most of the time \_\_\_\_ condition. • Sometimes \_\_\_\_\_ test on the vaginal fluid for pre-term labor
Braxton-Hicks Contractions
benign
fibronectin
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
______mole (placental abnormality): swelling of the
chorionic villi. Uterus expands as if a normal pregnancy is
present, but the uterus is much larger.
•______much higher than expected for date of gestation.
Classically presents in the _____ trimester as passage of
_____-like masses through the vaginal canal. Moles are
diagnosed by routine _____ in the early first trimester.
Fetal ______ are absent, and a ‘_______’ appearance
is classically seen on ultrasound. Two types:
_______: Fetus can not be identified in the ammnotic
fluid due to due to production of _____. No ______
chromosome only ______ chromosome.
_______: Some the fetal parts are present. Thought
to be due to fertilization of the ovum by two or more
________
treatment: Most moles abort spontaneously or D&C
(_____ &______. Chemical Pregnancy
• ___________: malignant tumors of
germ cells of the placenta: Rare. But, 50% develops
from ______ mole, 25% develops from
placental cells after _____and 25%, develops from
_____ placenta.
Clinical findings: High levels of ____
Treatment: ______
Hydatidiform B-hCG second grapelike ultrasound heart sounds snowstorm complete mole androgen maternal, paternal incomplete mole spermatozoa dilatiation gestational choriocarcinoma hydatidiform abortion normal hCG chemo
toxemia of pregnancy
This disorder is characterized by severe _____
that most often occurs ______during pregnancy or
complicates preexisting hypertensive disease.
Toxemia characteristically occurs during the ____
trimester, most often in the ____ pregnancy,
• Preeclampsia: triad of ______, _____ and
_______ during the 3rd trimester. HELLP syndrome,
there may be _____, _______ and _______
• Eclampsia: all of the above plus _____
Treatment:
Preeclampsia: Delivery of the fetus, ______, treat
______
Eclampsia: Medical ______, treat with ________ and ______ (anti-epileptics)
hypertension de novo preexisting 3rd first hypertension, edema, proteinura hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets seizures bed rest hypertension emergency magnesium diazepam
Uterus compresses inferior vena cava
Venous return to ____ decreases
Decreased venous return leads to decreased
________
____ decreases.
Management
• Place patient on __ side to restore venous
return
• All non-laboring patients in late pregnancy
should be on ___ side
supine hypotensive syndrome heart cardiac output BP left left
prologed (>7 days) and or heavy (>80 mL) uterine bleeding at regular intervals
menorrhagia
variable amounts of inter menstrual bleeding occuring at irregular but frequent intervals
metrorrhagia
an abnormally short interval (<21 days) between regular menses
polymenorrhea
an abnormally long interval (>35 days) between regular menses
oligomenorrhea
the medical term for pain with menstruation
dysmenorrhea
is common menstrual cramps
that are recurrent and are not due to other diseases.
Cramps usually begin __ to __ days after a woman
starts getting her period. Pain usually begins 1 or 2 days
before or when menstrual bleeding starts and is felt in the
lower_____ ____ , or ___ and can range from mild
to severe. Pain can typically last 12 to 72 hours and can
be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and even
diarrhea. Common menstrual cramps usually become
less painful as a woman ages and may stop entirely if the
woman has a baby.
primary menorrhea
1, 2
abdomen, back, thighs
is pain that is caused by a
disorder in the woman’s reproductive organs, such as
_____, _______, or ____. Pain from
secondary dysmenorrhea usually begins earlier in the
menstrual cycle and lasts _____ han common
menstrual cramps. The pain is not typically
accompanied by nausea, vomiting, fatigue, or
diarrhea. Treatment: ____, Other anti-inflammatory
drugs and Oral contraceptive pills.
secondary dysmenorrhea endometriosis, uterine fibroids infection longer aspirin
Failure to have a period
during puberty. Patients usually have birth defects
like ______ or other ______ defects
primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome
congenital
when a woman has
normal menstrual cycles but stopped having her
period for 6 months or longer. Exception- women
who are pregnant, breastfeeding or in menopause.
Common factors contributing are: drugs
(________ ), _______ , ___ body weight,
______ problems
secondary amenorrhea 6 chemo, anti deppresents low hormonal
menstrual cycle stops
in young female (non-pregnant) without any
evidence of abnormalities with pituitary or ovaries.
Common with ______ or usage of ______
psychogenic amenorrhea
college freshman
opiates
