chapter 24 Flashcards
(37 cards)
congenital disorders
- ________ or _____ (greater than 1 cm) - benign neoplasm of the ________. congenital nevus is present at birth and often has ______. aqcquired nevus arises later in life
- ________: most often seen in women who are ________ or taking oral ___________ or ____; worsened by exposure to ____. well-circumscribed, hyperpigmented patches, usually on _______ and ______ (“mask of ______”)
treatment: _____; topical _________ - ____________ (____ skin): a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by striking thickening of the ___________. some of these diseases are associated with abnormal ____ metabolism, ______ disorders, _____ diseaes, and ______
- ________: congenital lack of pigmentation. due to an ____ defect (usually ______) that impairs melanin production from _____ and ________ (AA). hypopigmentation involving the ____, _____, and _____. no cure.
- ________: localized loss of skin pigmentation due to _______ destruction of melanocytes. irregular _____ involing skin, eyes etc. treatment: ______
birthmarks, nevus melanocytes hair melasma pregnant oral HRT sun cheeks forehead pregnancy sunscreen hydroquinone icthyosis congenita (fish skin) stratum corneum lipid neurologic bone cancer albinism enzyme, tyrosinase tyrosine, phenylalanine eyes, skin, hair vitiligo autoimmune lesions cortisol
heat changes the molecular structure of tissue
-denatures ______
-extent of burn damage depends on
_____ of agent
______ of heat
______ of contact
-Jackson’s theory of thermal wounds
-zone of _______
-area in a burn _____ the heat source that suffers the most _____ as evidenced by ______ blood and ______ blood vessels
- zone of _______
-area of ______ zone of ______ characterized by _____ blood flow
-zone of _________
-______ area around burn that has an ______ blood flow
thermal burns proteins temp concentration duration coagulation nearest damage clotted thrombosed stasis surrounding coagulation decreased hyperemia peripheral increased
greatest heat occurs at the points of resistance
- _____ and ____ wounds
- ____ skin = greater resistance (_____& ______)
- ____ skin = less resistance (______&_____)
electrical burns based on Ohm's law entrance, exit dry muscle, bone wet blood vessels, nerve
chemicals destroy tissue:
- ______: form a thick, insoluble mass where they contact tissue
- _____ necrosis - limits burn damage
- _______: destroy cell membrane through ______ necrosis
- deeper tissue _____ and deeper _____
chemical burns acids coagulation alkalis liquefaction penetration burns
exposure to high doses of radiation over a short period of time
radiation injury: acute radiation dose
radiation injury local exposure
50
asymptomatic
radiation injury local exposure
500
asymptomatic (usually), altered function of exposed area
radiation injury local exposure
2500
atrophy, vascular lesion, altered pigment
radiation injury local exposure
5000
chronic ulcer, risk of cancer
radiation injury local exposure
50000
permanant destruction of exposed tissue
classification of different burns \_\_\_\_\_ burn: 1st degree \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ burn: 2nd degree \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ burn: 3rd degree 4th degree: most of the time used for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
superficial
partial-thickness
full thickness
autopsy
1st degree color: \_\_\_\_\_\_ painful \_\_\_\_\_\_ (no blisters) \_\_\_\_\_\_ And \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_
red painful dry erythema swelling transitory reversible
2nd degree burn color: \_\_\_\_ or \_\_\_\_\_ painful \_\_\_\_\_\_ (wet) blisters involving the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_; \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and the \_\_\_\_\_ in the dermis spared
red, white painful blisters epidermis hair follicles, adnexa
3rd degree burn \_\_\_\_\_ skin color: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ painful - minimally \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - \_\_\_\_\_\_ full thickness burns with massive necrosis of \_\_\_\_\_\_ and parts of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and cannot heal spontaneously
leathery white dark brown charred painful dry epidermis dermis
best used for large surface areas
expedient tool to measure extent of burn
rule of nines
irregular or splash burns
best used for burns <10% BSA
- a burn equivalent to the size of the patients hand is equal to __% body surface area (BSA)
rule of palms
1
small, tan to brown macule; darkens when exposed to sunlight. due to increased number of melanosomes (melanocytes are not increased)
freckles
diseases of the skin: bacterial infection
_______: superficial bacterial skin infection, most often due to ________ or _______. commonly affects _________. presents as erythematous ______ that progress to _____, usually on the ______. resembles _______ scab appearance
impetigo staph aureus, pyogenes children macules pustules face honey comb
diseases of skin: bacterial infection
__________: a boil (or _____) is an infection of a ______ that has a small collection of ____ (called an abscess) under the skin. a ________ is a red, swollen and painful cluster of ______ that are connected to eachother under skin
treatment: _____ may be need to be drained. _____ therapy
secondary infection of other skin diseases or wounds
furuncle (boil)/carbuncle furuncle hair follicle pus carbuncle boils pus antibiotic
sloughing of skin with erythematous rash and fever; leads to significant ____ loss. due to _____ infection
treatment: _____/____ antibiotic
staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
skin
S. aureus
oral/ cream
due to chronic inflammation of hair follicles and associated sebaceous glands. hormone-associated increase in _____ production (sebacous glands have _____ receptors)
-___________ infection produces ____ that break down sebum, releasing pro-inflammatory ____ acids: results in _____ or ____ formation
treatment includes: _______ (antimicrobial) and ______ derivatives (______)
acne sebum androgen propionibacterium acnes lipases fatty pustule nodule benzoyl peroxide vitamin A accutane
viral skin infections \_\_\_\_ - maculopapular rash \_\_\_\_\_\_ - vesicles \_\_\_\_\_\_: vesicles \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - wart
measles
chicken pox
herpes zoster
human papillomavirus (HPV)
bites by blood sucking insects \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ - caused by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which burrow into the epidermis
flees mosquitos bed bugs lice scabies sarcoptes scabiei
these terms are used to denote many forms of inflammatory skin diseases that have the following characteristics:
-present with superficial lesion such as localized ______, ______ and _______
- are uniformly accompied by ______ (itching)
they are divided into two groups:
_______: infection or irritants
________: cause unknown
treatment: removal of the offending agent and topical ____________
eczema or dermatitis edema, papules, vesicles pruritus exogenous eczema endogenous eczema glucocorticoids
