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Health Assessment Rain > Chapter 19 Heart and Neck Vessels > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Heart and Neck Vessels Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Precordium

A

Area on the anterior chest directly over the heart and great vessels (outside)

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2
Q

Mediastinum

A

The heart and great vessels are located between the lungs in the middle third of the thoracic cage called the mediastinum. (Inside)

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3
Q

Apex of the heart

A

The bottom of the heart, you can plapate the apical impulse on some people at the 5th intercostal space mid clavicular line

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4
Q

Base of the heart

A

The top of the heart

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5
Q

PMI

A

Point of maximal impulse found at 5 ICS Mid clavicular line on the apex of the heart

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6
Q

Pulmonary veins dump into

A

the left atrium

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7
Q

Chordae Tendineae

A

connect valve to muscle

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8
Q

Heart Anatomy

A 
Lies in thoracic cavity
Behind sternum			
Left of mid-line
Precordium
Base
Apex
12cm x 8cm x 6cm
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9
Q

Pericardium

A

tough fibrous, double walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart

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10
Q

Atrioventricular valves-

A

mitral (left) and tricuspid (right)
separate the atria and the ventricals

Purpose: to maintain unidirectional blood flow through the chambers of the heart

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11
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscular wall of the heart

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12
Q

Endocardium

A

thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines the inner surface of the chambers of the heart and valves

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13
Q

Semilunar valves-

A

aortic (left side) and pulmonic (right side)

set between the ventricals and the arteries

Purpose: to maintain unidirectional blood flow through the chambers of the heart

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14
Q

Great Vessels

A

These blood vessels circulate blood to and from the body and the lungs.

Superior Vena Cava
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Aorta
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15
Q

How Does Blood Pump Through the Body?

A

Closed System: Heart and Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation

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16
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

Left coronary artery
Left anterior descending
Right coronary artery
Left circumflex artery

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17
Q

s3 heart sound

A

S3-ventricular filling

comes after diastole

can mean congestive heart failure

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18
Q

s4 heart sound (atrial kick)

A

S4-atrial contraction

comes before systole

can mean congestive heart failure

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19
Q

s1 heart sound (lub)

A

occurs with closure of the av valves and signals the beginning of systole

the mitral component is the 1st sound followed by the tricuspid component . can be heard together all over the precordium but loudest at the apex

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20
Q

S2 heart sound (dub)

A

occurs with closure of the semilunar valves and signals the end of systole

s2 is the loudest at the base

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21
Q

The ____ atrium and _____ ventrical are facing forward as the heart sits inside the body

A

Right, right

The heart is positioned twisted slightly to the left.

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22
Q

Blood flow-

A 
From Liver/ head- upper extremeties - 
through superior and inferior vena cava- 
to right atrium- 
through tricuspid-
into right ventrical -
through pulmonic valve -
to pulmonary artery- 
to lungs - 
pulmonary veins - 
left atrium - 
through mitral valve-
to left ventrical-
through aortric valve - 
to aorta

flows from high pressure to low pressure

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23
Q

Anterior

24
Q

Posterior

25
viceral
near the organ
26
Inferior vena cava
brings unoxengenate blood up from the feet and legs
27
Widow maker
left coronary artery
28
Aortic stenosis
calcification of aorta
29
aortic valve problems cause
shortness of breath
30
erbs point
3rd ICS on left where all heart sounds are heard the same loudness
31
systolic murmur=
lub swish dub
32
diastolic murmur=
lub dub swish
33
mitral valve prolapse
backflow into the mitral valve
34
Mitral valve closure can be heard at
Apex. 5th left ICS @MCL
35
Tricuspid valve closure can be heard at
Left SB @ 4th Left ICS
36
Pulmonic valve closure can be heard at
2nd left ICS @ SB
37
Aortic valve closure can be heard at
2nd right ICS @ SB
38
MURMURS
``` Blowing, swishing sound related to turbulent blood flow. May be caused by: Increased velocity of blood flow Decreased viscosity of blood (anemia) Valvular/structural defects ```
39
Grade iv heart murmur
loud, with a palpable thrill
40
Systolic Murmurs:
- Aortic Stenosis | - Mitral Regurgitation
41
Diastolic Murmurs:
Aortic Regurgitation | -Mitral Stenosis
42
Aortic heart murmurs will radiate to the
neck
43
Mitral heart murmurs will radiate to the
axillary
44
Bundle Branch block
a block in electrical flow in the heart at the av node
45
Older adults
myocardium more fibrous. sa node more fibrous. valves calcify systolic pressure stays the same, distolic pressure gets higher
46
paroxymal dyspnea
waking up with labored breathing that comes and goes thoughout the right
47
orthopnea
shortness of breath when you lay down
48
JVD
jugular vein distention right ventricular/valvular failure lay at a 35 degree angle to test
49
Heart rate for a newborn
100-180 bpm murmurs common in the 1st 2-3 days
50
Systole the ____ and ______ valves are open
pulmonic and aortic
51
Diatole the ______ and ______ valves are open
tricuspid and mitral (AV)
52
Electrical Conduction Through the Heart
SA node in right atrium starts electrical current Passes through AV node in atrial septum Bundle of His Purkinje fibers in myocardium of ventricles EKG records electrical current Depolarization (p wave and QRS complex) Repolarization (T wave)
53
Developmental Considerations
FETUS-changes at birth include closure of patent ductus arteriosus within 24-48 hours INFANT-at birth, systemic vascular resistance increases; pulmonary vascular resistance decreases causing blood to flow to pulmonary arteries; which closes interatrial foramen ovale within 1 hour of birth INFANT- heart lies more horizontally in thoracic cavity CHILD - By age 7, adult heart position is achieved
54
Developmental Considerations- | Older Adults
Myocardium becomes more rigid, delaying contractility and irritability Atherosclerotic changes cause dilation and tortuosity of aorta and carotid arteries
55
SUBJECTIVE DATA
``` Chest pain Dyspnea Orthopnea Cough Fatigue Cyanosis or pallor Edema Nocturia ```
56
LIFT:
slightly more sustained than normal. occurs with right ventrical hypertrophy as found in pulmonic valve disease, pulmonic hyperstension, and chronic lung disease
57
HEAVE:
EXCESSIVE thrust of heart against chest wall

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