Chapter 2

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Has volume and Mass

Question 1

Volume

Answer 1

Measure of space occupied

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

Amount of matter (weight - measure of gravitational pull

Question 3

Element

Answer 3

Pure substance, composed of identical type of atoms

Question 4

Natural elements

Answer 4

92

Question 5

All elements

Answer 5

118

Question 6

Compound

Answer 6

Substance containing more than one type of element/atom

Question 7

Emergent Properties

Answer 7

New properties after bonding to form a compound

Question 8

Percentage of naturally occurring elements existing in living organisms

Answer 8

20-25%

Question 9

C substitute

Answer 9

Si

Question 10

Order of essential elements by improtance

Answer 10

Chonps

Question 11

Essential elements def

Answer 11

Elements that are required in the greatest quanitity

Question 12

Carbohydrate purpose

Answer 12

Quick E

Question 13

Lipids purpose

Answer 13

E storage

Question 14

Nucleic acid purpose

Answer 14

(DNA and RNA) Information storage and transportation

Question 15

Proteins

Answer 15

Structural compounds enzymes

Question 16

Big 6 make up what percentage of living matter

Answer 16

96%

Question 17

What precent of living matter is made of trace elements

Answer 17

4%

Question 18

Democritus

Answer 18

Greek - 450Bc
Renaissance Man

Question 19

Root work for Atom

Answer 19

Atomos - can’t be split without destroying original properties

Question 20

Subatomic particle

Answer 20

Sub, under/within
Particles that make up atom

Question 21

About how many subatomic particles have been identified

Answer 21

about 100

Question 22

3 primary subatomic particles

Answer 22

Proton
Electon
Neutron

Question 23

1 amu

Answer 23

1.67 x 10^-27 kg

Question 24

Nucleus

Answer 24

Center of the atom

Question 25

What electron shell has most E

Answer 25

Valence shell

Question 26

Covalent bond

Answer 26

sharing e- strong bond

Question 27

Cation

Answer 27

Lost e- Positive charge

Question 28

Anion

Answer 28

gain e- Negative charge

Question 29

Hydrogen bond

Answer 29

Electrostatic attraction of positively charged H to negative atom Not physical bond

Question 30

Var der Waals

Answer 30

Static cling Not physical bond

Question 31

Compound/Molecule

Answer 31

Two or more elements chemically bonded together in very specific ration

Question 32

Chemical formula

Answer 32

List of ingredients/elements in chemical reaction

Question 33

John Dalton

Answer 33

1800's England Atomic theory Dalton = 1 amu

Question 34

Isotopes

Answer 34

Heavy atom of a given element, # of neutron si increased

Question 35

Radioactive tracers

Answer 35

Tag a compound with radioactive isotope Abnormal cells hog resources, so it will have higher concentration of tagged material

Question 36

What is released due to nucleus decay

Answer 36

Alpha/Beta particles

Question 37

Radiometric Dating

Answer 37

Determining age of fossils by use of half life

Question 38

Half life

Answer 38

Amount of time need for 1/2 of the radioactive isotope to decay to a stable state

Question 39

Majority of atom is?

Answer 39

empty space

Question 40

Potential E

Answer 40

E relative to position

Question 41

Why do atoms bond to others?

Answer 41

In attempt to fill their valence shell

Question 42

Left of PTE

Answer 42

Metals, often Cation

Question 43

Right of PTE

Answer 43

Gases, often anion

Question 44

When are Ionic bonds weakest

Answer 44

In presence of H2O

Question 45

Electronegativity pattern

Answer 45

Right/up period - increase Left/down period - decreases

Question 46

Molecules shape significance

Answer 46

Dictates reactivity with other molecules/enzymes and with "docking sites" on cells membranes SHAPES ARE VERY SPECIFIC

Question 47

Tetrahedron

Answer 47

4 bonds at corners/vertticies of pyramid

Question 48

Endorphin

Answer 48

"Pleasure" hormones

Question 49

Opioids

Answer 49

societal crisis

Question 50

How do opioids work?

Answer 50

Mimic the shape of endorphins Occupy receptor sites normally used by endorphins, occupy site and linger "Nod out" - when wake up they crave the rapid joy

Question 51

Essential elements plants vs animals

Answer 51

Plants use 17 of 25 Animals use 25