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Biology Ap > Chapter 6 Tour of the Cell > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Tour of the Cell Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

Zacharias Janssen

A

Dutch eye glass maker, “stacked lenses”

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2
Q

Robert Hooke

A

England, saw dead cells in cork, reminded of monestary

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3
Q

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

A

Dutch, observed/recorded his observations

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4
Q

Rudolph Virchos

A

Russia/German Physician, cell come from other cells disproving theory of spontaneous generation

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5
Q

Cell theory

A

All living things are made of cells
Cells are the structural and function units of life
Cells reproduce

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6
Q

Organelles

A

Little organ in frech

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7
Q

Semi-permeable

A

Controls what materials move in/out

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8
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

Same structure/function as cell membrane

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9
Q

Nuclear pores

A

Opening in nuclear membrane mRNA exits through

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10
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Cytoplasm of nucleus, jelly like fluid

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11
Q

Nucleolus

A

Dense area within the nucleus, site of pre assembly of ribosomes

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12
Q

Chromatin

A

Relaxed version of DNA

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13
Q

Cytoplasm/Cytosol

A

Mostly H2O w/dissolved proteins/salts largest organelle

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14
Q

Vesicles

A

Membrane bound transport pods

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15
Q

Cristae

A

Folded inner membrane

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16
Q

Matrix

A

Cytoplasm of mitochondria

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17
Q

Mitochondria DNA

A

Has its own DNA of maternal origin

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18
Q

Vacuoles

A

Storage containers/membrane bound spaces

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19
Q

Vacuoles in plants

A

Large water vacuole to maintain cell’s shape and provide raw material for photosynthesis

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20
Q

Lysosomes

A

Contains digestive enzymes, merges with food vacuole

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21
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Warehouse for storing verifying/modifying packaging and transport

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22
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Subway tunnels for modify, packaging and transport materials

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23
Q

Smooth Er

A

No ribosomes deals, w/lipids and carbs and modification of macromolecules involved in detoxification

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24
Q

Cilia

A

Hair like projections on the exterior of the cell membrane, difficult to control/coordinate = random spiral movement

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25
Flagella
Whip like proejction on exterior of cell membrane gives unidirectional movement
26
Examples of unicellular eukaryote with Flagella
Euglena
27
Microtubules
Made of tubulin, hollow protein structures
28
Microfilaments
Thread like structures made of actin
29
Grana
Stack of thylakoids
30
Thylakoids
Contain photosynthetic pigment
31
Stroma
Cytoplasm of chloroplast
32
Magnification
Ratio of objects image size to real size
33
Resolution
Measure of clarity; minimum distance two points can be separated and still be distinguished as serparate points
34
Contrast
Different in brightness between the light and dark areas of an image
35
Cytology
Study of cell structure
36
Cell fractionation
Disruption of a cell and separation of its parts by centrifugation at successively higher speeds
37
Protist
Informal term referring to a diverse group of mostly unicellular eukaryotes
38
Eukaryotic roots
True nucleus eu: true karyon: kernel
39
Prokaryotic roots
before nucleus pro: before
40
Fimbriae
Attachment structures on the surface of some prokaryotes
41
Glycocalyx
Rigid structure outside on many prokaryotes, consisting of a capsule or a slime layer
42
Smallest cells
Mycoplasmas
43
Most biological membrane are what?
Double layer
44
Centrosome
Region where the cell's microtubules are initiated; contains a pair of centrioles
45
Peroxisome
Organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide as a by product and then converts it to water
46
Plasmodesmata
Cytoplasmic channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells
47
Nuclear envelope
Double membrane that surrounds nucleus
48
Pore complex
Regulating the entry and exit of proteins and RNA
49
Nuclear lamina
Netlike array of protein filaments that lines inner surface nucleus
50
Nuclear matrix
Framework of protein fibers extending throughout the nuclear interior
51
Ribosomes
Complex of rRNA and protein, site of protein synthesis
52
Free ribosomes
Found within the cytosol, makes proteins found in cytosol
53
Bound ribosomes
Mostly makes proteins destined for insertion itno membranes.
54
endomembrane system
Collection of membranes inside/surrounding a eukaryotic cell
55
Er roots
endoplasmic: within the cytoplasm reticulum: little net (latin) Cisterna; cisterna, a reservoir for a liquid
56
Cisternae
Outer portion of Er
57
Lumen
Inner portion of Er
58
Smooth ER function
Synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbs, detoxification of drugs/poisons and storage of calcium ions
59
Glycoproteins
Proeins w/carbs covalently bonded to them
60
Transitional ER
Where secretory proteins depart from the ER wrapped in vesicles
61
Rough ER function
Synthesis of membranes secretory and proteins
62
Golgi sacs
Cisternae
63
Receiving side of Golgi
CIs
64
Shipping side of Golgi
Trans
65
Phagocytosis roots
Greek phagein: to eat Kytos: vessel
66
Autophagy
Damaged organelle/small amount of cytosol becomes surrounded by a double membrane
67
Contractile vacuoles
Membranous sac that helps move excess water out of certain freshwater protists
68
Central vacuoles
In mature plant cell, a large membranous sac w/roles in growth, storage and concealment of toxic substances
69
Cristae
Infolding of the inner membrane of mitochondrion
70
Mitochondrial matrix
Compartment of mitochondrion enclosed by inner membrane, got stuff for citric acid cycle
71
Thylakoids
flat sac of pigment
72
Grana
Stack of thylakoids
73
Stroma
"Cytoplasm" for chloroplast
74
Plastid
Organelle w/pigment or food in plant cells
75
Peroxisome function
Break down things, H2O2 is by product Can break down fatty acids to smaller molecules In liver to detoxify alcohol/other harmful stuff
76
Glyoxysomes
Found in fat storing tissues of plant seeds, fatty acids to sugar, kick start for seedlings
77
Intermediate filaments
Includes Keratins Cell shape; anchorage of nucleus/other organelles; formation of nuclear lamina
78
Dimer
Molecule made of two components
79
Centrioles structure
(9+0) in animls
80
Where is flagellum/cilium anchored
(9+0) arragement as basal body
81
Dyneins
Large motor protein extending from one microtubule doublet to the adjacent doublet, ATP hydrolysis drive changes in dyneins shape
82
Cortex
Outer region of cytoplasm in eukaryotic cell
83
Myosin
Motor protein that associates into filaments that interact with actin filaments to cause cell contraction
84
Pseudopodia
Cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving/feeding
85
Cytoplasmic streaming
Circular flow of cytoplasm, involving interaction of myosin and actin filaments, that speeds the distribution of materials within cells
86
Primary cell wall
flexible thin layer that surrounds young cell
87
Middle lamella
Thing layer of adhesive extracellular material, primarily pectins, found between the primary walls of adjacent young cells.
88
Extracellular matrix
ECM meshwork surrounding animal cells w/ glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and proteoglycans synthesized and secreted by cells
89
Collagen
**Glycoprotein in ECM that forms strong fibers**, common in bone must common protein in animal kingdom
90
Proteoglycans
Large molecule w/small core protein/many carb chain in ECM can be 95% carb
91
Fibronectin
**ECM glycoprotein that helps attach to other ECM** secreted by animal cells
92
Integrin
Animal cells, **transmembrane receptor protein** w/2 subunits that interconnects the ECM and cytoskeleton
93
Tight junction
Prevents leakage of material through space between cells
94
Desmosomes
Fastens cells together
95
Gap junction
Allows passage of materials between cells
96
Microfilament in plants
Cytoplasmic streaming
97
Microfilament in animals
Cell motility/cell division

Biology Ap (9 decks)

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