Chapter 52

Question 1

Ecology roots

Answer 1

oikos - home
logos - study

Question 2

Examples of naturalist

Answer 2

Aristotle and Darwin, they studied living world and systematically recorded their observations

Question 3

How is modern ecology viewed differently from the past

Answer 3

Its more than just observation, now more rigorous, needs biological knowledge

Question 4

Biosphere

Answer 4

Global ecosystem of all the planets of landscapes

Question 5

Global ecology

Answer 5

How exchange of energy and materials influence the distribution of organisms around the biosphere

Question 6

Landscape ecology

Answer 6

• Factors controlling energy exchange
• Materials
• Organisms

Question 7

Ecosystem Ecology

Answer 7

Ecosystem ecology emphasizes energy flow/chemical cycle between organisms and environments

Question 8

Ecosystem

Answer 8

Community of organisms in an area

Question 9

Population Ecology

Answer 9

Pop. - group of species living in the same area
Analyzes factors that affect size + how/why it changes over time

Question 10

Organismal Ecology

Answer 10

Sub disciplines of physiology, evolutionary, and behavioral ecology.
ex. How do hammerhead sharks select a mate?

Question 11

Tropics

Answer 11

-23.5° North/South Latitude

Question 12

¸Why is it hotter closer to equator?

Answer 12

• Sunlight hits area more directly causes more heat/ light per unit of surface area
• Higher latitudes - sunlight hits earth at an oblique angle

Question 13

What are global climate patterns largely determined by

Answer 13

Input of Solar Energy
Earth’s movment in space

Question 14

Other influential Climate factors

Answer 14

Seasonal Variation in Climate
Bodies of water
Mountain Ranges

Question 15

Where are seasonal cycles more obvious?

Answer 15

Higher latitude

Question 16

What alters ocean currents?

Answer 16

Seasonal changes in wind patterns

Question 17

Result of changing ocean currents?

Answer 17

Upwelling of cold water from deep ocean layers, which are nutrient rich.

Question 18

Biome

Answer 18

Any of the world’s major ecosystem types, determined by vegetation type or physical environment in aquatic biomes. Ex. Desert

Question 19

Climograph

Answer 19

Plot of the temperature and precipitation in a particular region

Question 20

What has a strong influence ion the distribution of planmt species

Answer 20

Climate, a major factor in determining location of terrestrial biomes

Question 21

Temperate broad leaf forest

Answer 21

a biome located throughout midlatitude region where there is sufficient moisture to support the growth of large, broadleaf deciduous trees.

Question 22

Where are temperate grasslands mostly found, other condition

Answer 22

Middle latitudes moderate climate, found with various grass species, microorganisms, fungi and animals

Question 23

Ecotone

Answer 23

Transition from one type of habitat or ecosystem to another, such as the transition from a forest to a grassland.

Question 24

Canopy

Answer 24

The uppermost layer of vegetation in a terrestrial biome

Question 25

Do all biomes have layers?

Answer 25

Yes, yet they may not present as clear as some

Question 26

Northern coniferous forest

Answer 26

a terrestrial biome characterized by long, cold winters and dominated by cone-bearing trees

Question 27

Disturbance

Answer 27

storm fire or human activity that changes a community, removing orgnaisms from it and altering resource availability.

Question 28

Savanna

Answer 28

tropical grassland biome with scattered individual trees and large herbivores and maintained by occasional fires and drought

Question 29

Chaparral

Answer 29

Scrubland biome of dense spiny evergreen shrubs found at mid latitudes along coasts where cold ocean currents circulate offshore; -mild, rainy winters -long, hot dry summers

Question 30

photic zone

Answer 30

narrow top layer of ocean or lake, where light penetrates sufficiently for photosynthesis to occur

Question 31

aphotic zone

Answer 31

part of ocean of lake beneath the photic zone, where light does not penetrate sufficiently for photosynthesis occur

Question 32

Pelagic zone

Answer 32

open water component of aquatic biomes

Question 33

abyssal zone

Answer 33

Part of the ocean's benthic zone between 2k,6km deep

Question 34

Benthic zone

Answer 34

bottom surface of an aquatic environment

Question 35

Benthos

Answer 35

Communities of organisms living in the benthic zone of an aquatic biome

Question 36

Detritus

Answer 36

Dead organic matter

Question 37

thermocline

Answer 37

narrow stratum of abrupt temperature change in the ocean and in many temperate zone lakes

Question 38

turnover

Answer 38

mixing of water as result of changing water temperature profiles in a lake

Question 39

oligotrophic lakes

Answer 39

nutrient poor and oxygen rich lakes

Question 40

Eutrophic lakes

Answer 40

oxygen rich and nutrient poor

Question 41

littoral zone

Answer 41

where rooted and floating aquatic plants live, well lit, close to shore

Question 42

limnetic zone

Answer 42

phytoplankton, to deep to support rooted plants

Question 43

intertidal zone

Answer 43

periodically submerged, as the tides rise and fall

Question 44

Dispersal

Answer 44

movement of individuals and gametes away from their parent location, this movement expands its geographic range of a population of species

Question 45

Bodies of water and climate

Answer 45

high specific heat of water cases changes on nearby land

Question 46

Natural range expansion

Answer 46

dispersal carried out over long distance

Question 47

adaptive radiation

Answer 47

rapid evolution of an ancestral species into new speices that fill many ecological neiches

Question 48

species transplants

Answer 48

intentional or accidental transplant of species to areas where it was previously absent

Question 49

What marks a successful species transplant

Answer 49

If it shows that transplanted species is able to survive and reproduce int eh new environment sustainably.

Question 50

Biotic factors

Answer 50

Predatory, herbivory, presence of pollinators/parasite/pathogens

Question 51

Temp range of life

Answer 51

0-45C

Question 52

How does oxygen diffuse in water

Answer 52

slowly, making surface water much more oxygen rich