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Biology Ap > Chapter 4/5 Carbon and Macromolecules > Flashcards

Chapter 4/5 Carbon and Macromolecules Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

Astrobiology

A

Space biology

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2
Q

Theoretical substitution for C?

A

Si, due to also being in column 14

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3
Q

Carbons role

A

Backbone of all marcromolecules

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4
Q

Master of covalent bonding

A

Carbon

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5
Q

What shapes can carbon form

A

Tetrhadral, linear chain, bent chain, branched chain, ring chain

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6
Q

Glucose family

A

Carbohydrate

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7
Q

Carbohydrate ending

A

-ose

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8
Q

Disaccharide

A

2 sugar units

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9
Q

Polysaccharide

A

3 or more sugar units

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10
Q

Plant skeleton

A

Cellulose

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11
Q

Dehydration synthesis in macromolecules can also be called

A

Polymerization

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12
Q

Sugar enzyme ending

A

-ase

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13
Q

Lipids

A

Long term storage of E

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14
Q

Hydroilysis

A

hydro = water
lysis = to split/break
process of putting H2O back in to break bonds

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15
Q

“Monomers” of lipid

A

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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16
Q

Glycerol

A

C3H5(OH)3 or C3H8O3

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17
Q

Fatty acids

A

Long hydrocarbon chains

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18
Q

Types of lipids

A

Trans, cis, saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated

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19
Q

Saturated fats

A

Maximum # of H atoms in hydrocarbon chains

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20
Q

Unsaturated

A

1 C=C bond in hydrocarbon chains

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21
Q

Polyunsaturated

A

2+ C=C bonds in hydrocarbon chains

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22
Q

Proteins in regard to E

A

Last resort for E

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23
Q

Monomers of proteins

A

Amino acid

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24
Q

5 component parts of amino acids

A

Central C
Hydrogen atom
Amino group
Carboxyl group
Radical Group

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25
Amino group
NH2
26
Carboxyl group
(-COOH)
27
Hemoglobin
Protein that carries O2 in circulatory system Surface protein
28
Nucleic acid
Stores information (genetic info) = instruction for lfie
29
What macromolecule is never used as E source
Nucleic acid
30
Codon
mRNA
31
mRNA
Messenger, formed in nucleus from DNA, compliment of DNA's code working copy
32
tRNA
Involved in proteins synthesis, transports specific amino acid to ribosome anticodon
33
rRNA
ribosomal rna, structural component of ribosome
34
Polypeptide
Many bonds between amino acids
35
Deoxyribose vs Ribose
Both Pentoses (5-C) sugar, but absence of hydroxyl in position 2
36
Mock world experiment name/date/location
Stanley millers experiment, 1953, university of chicago
37
Scientists in mock world experiment
Stanley millers and Harold Urey
38
Purpose of Stanley Millers experiment
Investigate whether Nature could spontaneously generate the macromolecules needed to create life
39
"Ocean" in Stanley Millers experiment
Primordial soup
40
Atmosphere in Stanley Millers experiment
CH4 NH3 H2 O2 H2O
41
What stimulated disassociation in Stanley Millers experiment
Electricity, mock lightning
42
C atoms utilizing single bonds, overlapping tetrahedrons -ending
-ane
43
C=C bond in molecule structure ending
-ene
44
Result of C=C bonds in C based molecules
Flattened
45
Notation of branching in compounds
2-methypropane Propane: 3 C chain Methyl group is branching off 2nd C
46
Notation of C=C bonds
1-Butene C=C is after C 1 2-Butene C=C is after C 2
47
Ringed arrangements C based compounds
All single C-C bonds Alternating C-C and C=C bonds
48
Cis isomer
Atom/functional groups exists on same side double C=C bond
49
Trans isomer
Atom/function group exist on opposing sides of C=C bonds
50
Enantiomers
Same chemical formula but mirror images of each other
51
Hydroxyl
-OH
52
Carbonyl
>C=O
53
Carboxyl
-COOH
54
Amino
-NH2
55
Sulfhydryl
-SH
56
Phospahte
-PO4
57
Methyl group
-CH3
58
All function groups found in what monomer
Amino acids
59
Functional groups found in Carbs
Hydroxyl, Carbonyl
60
Functional groups found in Lipids
Phosphate, Methyl
61
Cal/g of Carbs
4
62
Cal/g of lipids
9
63
Ribose chemical equation
C5H6O(OH)4 or C5H10O5
64
Deoxyribose chemical equation
C5H7O(OH)3 or C5H10O4
65
Hydrocarbons
An organic molecule consisting only of carbon an hydrogen
66
Isomer
Compounds with same chem formula but diff structure/different properties
67
Structural isomers
Compounds with same molecular formal but diff covalent arrangements of atoms
68
Methane C
1
69
Ethane C
2
70
Propane C
3
71
Butane C
4
72
Pentane C
5
73
Hexane C
6
74
Heptane C
7
75
Octane C
8
76
Nonane C
9
77
Decane C
10
78
Molecules with Hydroxyl group
-ol Ex. ethanol
79
Molecules with Carbonyl group
In C skeleton: Ketone On outer edge: Aldehyde
80
Molecules with Carboxyl group
Acts as acid: Carboxylic acid, organic acid
81
Molecules with Amino gruop
Acts as a base, Amine
82
Molecules with Sulfohydryl group
Helps stabilize protein structure, Thiol
83
Molecules with Phosphate group
Ability to react with water, releasing energy: Oranic phosphate
84
Molecules with Methyl group
Expression of genes when bonded to DNA/proteins that bind to DNA, affects shape and function of male/female sex hormones Methylated compound
85
Enzymes
A macromolecule serving as a catalyst
86
Glycosidic linkage
covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction
87
Glucose + Glucose
Maltose
88
Glucose + Fructose
Sucrose
89
Amylose
Unbranched polysaccharide
90
Amylopectin
Somewhat branched polysaccharide
91
Glycogen
Extensively branched polysaccharide found in liver/muscle of animals, equivalent of starch
92
Cellulose
Unbranched, hydrogen, bonded between parallel cellulose molecules
93
Alpha glucose
Outer OH both facing down
94
Beta glucose
Outer OH Down -> up
95
Chitin
Carbohydrate used by arthropods exoskeleton/fungal walls, structural polysaccharide
96
Denaturation
Proteins loses its native shape due to the disruption f weak ch emical bonds and interactions, becoming biologically inactive
97
Fatty acid length
3-18

Biology Ap (9 decks)

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