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Chemistry > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are differences between protons and neutrons

A

Protons - are a positive charge, determines identity of the element

Neutrons - Have a neutral charge, Number of neutrons can change mass of element and create an isotope of the element

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2
Q

What are similarities between protons and neutrons

A

they are both centered in the nucleus of an atom. They add up to equal the mass number.

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3
Q

What are the differences between protons and electrons?

A

Protons - are a positive charge and are located inside the nucleus

Electrons - are a negative charge and located outside of the nucleus

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4
Q

How do you write an isotope that has 1 protein and 2 neutrons

A

3/1H

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5
Q

How do you write the symbol for an isotope that has 92 protons and 146 neutrons

A

238/92U

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6
Q

Periodic law

A

the elements if arranged according to their atomic weights, show a distinct periodicity of their properties

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7
Q

Period

A

Horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

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8
Q

Group

A

or families, are columns of elements in the periodic table. They share many similarities , as in the human family.

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9
Q

Ion

A

Electronically charged particles that result from a gain or loss of one or more electrons by the parent atom.

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10
Q

Does N tend to form a positive or negative ion

A

Positive

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11
Q

Name the element Ca

A

Calcium

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12
Q

Name the element Cu

A

Copper

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13
Q

Name the element Co

A

Cobalt

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14
Q

How many valence electrons are found in Mg

A

2

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15
Q

How many valence electrons are found in K

A

1

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16
Q

How many valence electrons are found in C

A

4

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17
Q

How many valence electrons are found in Br

A

7

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18
Q

How many valence electrons are found in Ar

A

8

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19
Q

What sublevels would be found in the principal energy level 1?

A

1s

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20
Q

What sublevels would be found in the principal energy level 2?

A

2s, 2p

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21
Q

What sublevels would be found in the principal energy level 3?

A

3s, 3p, 3d

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22
Q

What sublevels would be found in the principal energy level 4?

A

4s, 4p, 4d, 4f

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23
Q 
What is the max number of electrons that can exist in the following principal energy levels?
s?
p?
d?
f?
A

s-2
p-6
d-10
f-14

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24
Q 
How do you write the electron configuration for an atom or ion of:
14silicone
53Iodine
15P3-
35Br-
A

Silicone - 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p2
Iodine - 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p6, 5s2, 4d10, 5p5
Phosphorous - 1s2, 2s2, 2p6,3s2,3p6
Br - 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p6

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25
Is Se2-, KR isoelectric?
yes
26
Is Mg2+, Ne isoelectric?
yes
27
Is Mg2+, Na isoelectric?
no
28
Is Li+, Ne isoelectric?
no
29
Is S2-, F- isoelectric?
no
30
Rank Cl, Br, I, and F by atomic size
F, Cl, Br, I
31
Rank Cl, Br, I, and F by ionization energy
I, BR, CL, F
32
Rank Cl, Br, I, and F by atomic size by electron affinity
I, BR, CL, F
33
Atomic Number?
Number of protons in the atom
34
Mass?
Sum of the number of protons and neutrons
35
Ionization energy
energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom
36
Electron Affinity
Energy released when a single electron is added to an isolated atom Increases, it releases more energy, as you go up in a family or to the right of a period
37
Valence electron?
are the outermost electrons in an atom, used in bonding process
38
Atomic orbital
specific region of a sublevel containing a maximum of 2 electrons
39
principal energy levels
regions where electrons may be found, and have integral values designated n=1, n=2, and so forth
40
electron configuration
describes the arrangement of electrons in an atom
41
Does a metal tend to gain an electron or lose
lose
42
Does a non-metal tend to gain an electron or lose
gain
43
ground state/relaxation
when electron of atom are in the lowest possible energy levels
44
excited state
when electron is furthest from nucleus
45
Dalton's Theory
smallest unit of matter is an atom
46
atoms consist of what?
subatomic particles
47
spectroscopy
absorption or emission of light by atoms
48
electromagnetic radiation
to understand light: UV, gamma, visible light, microwave
49
What involved in a chemical reaction?
only electrons
50
Metals are what at room temp?
solid, except mercury
51
What else increases if Principal levels increase
energy
52
Subshell # of orbitals
S- 1 P - 3 D - 5 F - 7
53
Cation
Loses electrons (positive charge), metals, smaller
54
Anion
Gains electrons (negative charge), non-metal, bigger
55
Ionization does what down a group/family?
Decreases
56
Ionization does what across a period?
Increases
57
isotope
atoms of same element having a different mass
58
which of Dalton's theories do not hold up?
2 & 3, in the list of 6
59
Cathode ray tube was used to discover?
electrons
60
what was 2nd particle to be discovered?
protons
61
Majority of mass in an atom is located where?
in the nucleus
62
what does light help us to understand?
Electronic structure
63
electron density is what?
Electrons move rapidly within the orbital
64
Equation for electron capacity
2 (n) ^2 | n=principal energy lvl
65
How do you determine number of orbitals in a subshell
take max electrons and divide 2

Chemistry (11 decks)

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