Chapter 6

Question 1

Solution

Answer 1

homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Question 2

Solute

Answer 2

component of solution that is present in lesser quantity than solvent

Question 3

Solvent

Answer 3

solution component present in the largest quantity (water in most cases)

Question 4

aqueous solution

Answer 4

when solvent is water

Question 5

solutions of electrolytes

Answer 5

formed formed from solutes that are soluble iconic compounds

Question 6

solutions of nonelectrolytes

Answer 6

formed from non-dissociating molecular solutes

Question 7

Colloidal suspension

Answer 7

consists of solute particles distributed through a solvent. (not completely homogeneous)

Question 8

Size of a colloid

Answer 8

diameters of 1 x 10 -9 to 1 x 10 -7

Question 9

Suspension

Answer 9

Heterogeneous mixture that contains particles much larger than a colloidal suspension. Not a true solution

Question 10

Degree of solubility

Answer 10

How much solute can dissolve in a given volume of solvent

Question 11

Saturated solution

Answer 11

when a solution contains all the solute that can be dissolved at a particular temperatures

Question 12

precipitate

Answer 12

solid in contact with the solution

Question 13

supersaturated solution

Answer 13

when a solution is heated and cooled with the maximal dissolved solute

Question 14

Henry’s law

Answer 14

number of moles of a gas dissolved in a liquid at a given temperature is proportional to the pressure of the gas

Question 15

Gases are most soluble when?

Answer 15

low temperatures

Question 16

Solution concentration

Answer 16

amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solution

Question 17

Solute concentration must be in what type of unit?

Answer 17

mole-based

Question 18

Raoult’s law

Answer 18

nonvolatile solute is added to a solvent, the vapor pressure of the solvent decreases in proportion to the concentration of the solute

Question 19

Molarity

Answer 19

symbolized ‘M’, number of mol of solute per L of solution

Question 20

Molality

Answer 20

symbolized ‘m’, number of mol of solute per kilogram of solvent in a solution.

Question 21

Difference between molality and molarity?

Answer 21

Molality does not vary with temperature, whereas molarity is temperature dependent

Question 22

Molality is preferred concentration unit for studies of what?

Answer 22

freezing point depression and boiling point elevation

Question 23

Diffusion

Answer 23

net movement of solute or solvent molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 24

concentration gradient

Answer 24

region where the concentration decreases over a distance

Question 25

Selectively Permeable Membranes

Answer 25

structure of a cell membrane allows only small molecules to diffuse freely across this barrier. Large molecules and highly charged ions are restricted by the barrier

Question 26

semipermeable membranes

Answer 26

membranes, permeable to solvent, but not to solute

Question 27

Osmosis

Answer 27

diffusion of a solvent (water) through a semipermeable membrane in response to a (water) concentration gradient

Question 28

Osmotic pressure

Answer 28

pressure that must be exerted to stop the flow of water across a selectively permeable membrane by osmosis

Question 29

Osmolarity

Answer 29

molarity of particles in solution; abbreviated osmol (osmotic pressure calculations)

Question 30

Equivalent

Answer 30

(eq), # of grams of an ion corresponding to Avogadro's number of electrical charges (eq/L)

Question 31

1 eq = ?

Answer 31

10^3 meq

Question 32

convert eq to meq

Answer 32

multiply by 10^3

Question 33

isotonic

Answer 33

same strength

Question 34

hypotonic

Answer 34

solution having lower osmolarity

Question 35

hypertonic

Answer 35

greater osmolarity