Chapter 2

Question 0

Describe how variables will be measured (observed) in psychology

Answer 0

Operational Definition

Question 1

A prediction that can be false (testable)

Answer 1

Hypothesis

Question 2

Observe behaviour in real-life settings
External validity; what you see in one situation can apply to more
Variables controlled, observer bias/reactivity; change behaviour if observed

Answer 2

Naturalistic Observation (Descriptive Research)

Question 3

Analysis of a single person, provides new knowledge about new, complex, or rare phenomena, generates new hypothesis for new generations, and can lack external validity

Answer 3

Case Studies (Descriptive Research)

Question 4

Questionnaires or interviewed of large numbers of people, large amount of data (quick/cheap), can be accurate when represented in random sampling of group (equal chance), sampling bias/nonresponse error, potential inaccurate data

Answer 4

Surveys/Interviews (Descriptive Research)

Question 5

Information about relationships between two variables, allows us to make predictions, and directionality (self esteem)

Answer 5

Correlations

Question 6

Manipulation of an independent variable of it’s effects on a dependent variable, can establish cause and effect between two variables, extraneous variable (random assignment), and can be bias (placebo)

Answer 6

Experiments

Question 7

Conducted when participants can’t be randomly assigned in experiment

Answer 7

Quasi-Experiment

Question 8

Right to be treated with respect
Right to protection
Right to informed about results
Right to demand proof (ethical review)
Informed consent
Debriefing
Confidentiality

Answer 8

Ethics Bill of Rights

Question 9

Measures of Central Tendency

Answer 9

Mean, Median, Mode, and Standard Deviation