Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the study of matter

A

chemistry

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2
Q

anything that occupies space and has mass

A

matter

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3
Q

the smallest particle of an element

A

atom

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4
Q

a basic chemical substance composed of atoms

A

element

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5
Q

a positively charged particle

A

proton

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6
Q

a neutral particle

A

neutron

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7
Q

a negative particle

A

electron

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8
Q

number of protons

A

atomic number

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9
Q

number of protons + number of neutrons

A

atomic weight

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10
Q

atomic weight - the atomic number

A

number of neutrons

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11
Q

atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic weight

A

isotopes

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12
Q

atoms that have lost or gained electrons to fill their valence shell

A

ions

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13
Q

an atom that gains an electron and becomes a negative ion

A

anion

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14
Q

an atom that loses an electron and becomes a positive ion

A

cation

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15
Q

two or more atoms joined together

A

molecule

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16
Q

type of molecule in which atoms of different elements bond

17
Q

sharing of electrons between atoms

A

covalent bond

18
Q

a weak bond formed between hydrogen atoms and another atom

A

hydrogen bond

19
Q

chemicals that do not contain the atoms C and H

A

inorganic compound

20
Q

chemicals that contain C and H

A

organic compound

21
Q

resist pH change

22
Q

electrolytes that release ions that bond with hydrogen ions

23
Q

electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water

24
Q

measurement of the hydrogen in a solution

25
C, H, O often P
lipids
26
what is triglyceries made of
glycerol, 3 fatty acid chains
27
single covalent bond, solid at room temp
saturated fats
28
double covalent bond, liquid at room temp
unsaturated fats
29
phospholipids
glycerol, 2 fatty acid chains, phosphate group
30
steroids
carbon skeleton with 4 carbon rings joined together
31
types of steroids
hormones, vitamins, cholesterols
32
proteins
C, H, O, N, often S
33
amino acids
building blocks of proteins
34
the shape of the protein
conformation
35
nucleic acids
C, H, O, N, P
36
nucleotides
building blocks of nucleic acids
37
regulates cell activities
DNA
38
protein synthesis
RNA