Chapter 2

Question 1

personality traits

Answer 1

enduring tendencies to feel, think, and act in certain ways that can be used to describe the personality of every individual

Question 2

five personality traits

Answer 2

extraversion, negative affectivity, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience

Question 3

extraversion

Answer 3

tendency to experience positive moods and feel good about oneself and the rest of the world

Question 4

managers high in extraversion

Answer 4

tend to be sociable, affectionate, outgoing and friendly

Question 5

managers low in extraversion

Answer 5

tend to be less inclined toward social interaction and have a less positive outlook

Question 6

negative affectivity

Answer 6

tendency to experience negative emotions and moods, feel distressed, and be critical of oneself and others

Question 7

agreeableness

Answer 7

tendency to get along well with others

Question 8

managers high in agreeablness

Answer 8

are likable, affectionate and care about others

Question 9

managers low in agreeableness

Answer 9

may be distrustful, unsympathetic, uncooperative and antagonistic

Question 10

conscientiousness

Answer 10

tendency to be careful, scrupulous and persevering

Question 11

managers high in conscientiousness

Answer 11

are organized and self disciplined

Question 12

managers low in conscientiousness

Answer 12

lack direction and self discipline

Question 13

openness to experience

Answer 13

tendency to be original, have broad interests, be open to a wide range of stimuli, be daring and take risks

Question 14

internal locus of control

Answer 14

tendency to locate responsibility for ones fate within oneself

Question 15

external locus of control

Answer 15

tendency to locate responsibility for ones own fate in outside forces and to believe that ones own behavior has little impact on outcomes

Question 16

self-esteem

Answer 16

the degree to which people feel good about themselves and their capabilities

Question 17

high self esteem causes

Answer 17

a person to feel competent and capable

Question 18

low self esteem causes

Answer 18

poor opinions of themselves and their abilities

Question 19

need for achievement

Answer 19

the extent to which an individual has a strong desire to perform challenging tasks well and to meet personal standards for excellence

Question 20

need for affiliation

Answer 20

the extent to which an individual is concerned about establishing and maintaining good interpersonal relations, being liked, and having other people get along

Question 21

need for power

Answer 21

the extend to which an individual desires to control or influence others

Question 22

values

Answer 22

what managers try to achieve through work and how they think they should behave

Question 23

attitudes

Answer 23

managers thoughts and feelings about their specific jobs and organizations

Question 24

moods and emotions

Answer 24

how managers actually feel when they are managing

Question 25

terminal values

Answer 25

a lifelong goal or objective that an individual seeks to achieve

Question 26

instruments values

Answer 26

a mode of conduct than an individual seeks to follow

Question 27

norms

Answer 27

unwritten informal codes of conduct that prescribe how people should act in a particular situation and are considered important by most members of a group or organization

Question 28

value system

Answer 28

the terminal and instrumental values that are guiding principles in an individuals

Question 29

what do terminal values signify

Answer 29

what an organization and its employees are trying to accomplish

Question 30

what do instrumental values signify

Answer 30

guide the ways in which the organization and its members achieve organizational goals

Question 31

how do managers determine and shape organizational culture

Answer 31

through the kinds of values and norms they promote in an organizaiotn

Question 32

attitudes

Answer 32

a collection of feelings and beliefs

Question 33

job satisfaction

Answer 33

a collection of feelings and beliefs that managers have about their current jobs

Question 34

mood

Answer 34

a feeling or state of mind

Question 35

emotion

Answer 35

intense, short lived feelings

Question 36

emotional intelligence

Answer 36

the ability to understand and manage ones own moods and emotions and the mods and emotions of other people

Question 37

organizational culture

Answer 37

shared set of beliefs, expectations, values, norms and work routines that influence how members of an organization relate to one another and cooperate to achieve organizational goals

Question 38

attraction-selection-attrition framework

Answer 38

founders of firms tend to hire employees whose personalities that are to their own

Question 39

ceremonies and rites

Answer 39

formal events that recognize incidents of importance to the organization as a specific while and to specific employees

Question 40

rites of passage

Answer 40

determine how individuals enter, advance within or leave the organization

Question 41

rites of integration

Answer 41

build and reinforce common bonds among organizational members

Question 42

rites of enhancement

Answer 42

let organizations publicly recognize and reward employees contributions and thus strengthen their commitment to organizational values

Question 43

stories and language communicate

Answer 43

organizational culture

Question 44

stories reveal

Answer 44

behaviors that are valued by the organizaiton

Question 45

stress results

Answer 45

when people face important opportunity or threats they are uncertain can be handled

Question 46

physiological issues

Answer 46

stress can result in sleep problems, headache and other issues

Question 47

psychological issues

Answer 47

stress can result in bad moods, anger, nervousness

Question 48

behavioral issues

Answer 48

stress can actually enhance job performance as well as impair it

Question 49

role conflict

Answer 49

results from conflict between managerial roles or expected behaviors

Question 50

conflict can result when

Answer 50

mangers want to present a problem with the firm but still want to present from in best possible light

Question 51

role overload

Answer 51

managers have too many duties and activities

Question 52

problem focused

Answer 52

actions taken to directly deal with issue causing stress

Question 53

emotion focused

Answer 53

actions taken to deal wit stressful feelings

Question 54

time management

Answer 54

allows people to accomplish more with less wasted time

Question 55

mentoring

Answer 55

mentor shows how to deal with stress

Question 56

exercise

Answer 56

can reduce stressful feelings

Question 57

prayer and meditation

Answer 57

puts current cares aside and into proper perspectives

Question 58

social support

Answer 58

can come from family or other coworkers