chapter 2 Flashcards
(51 cards)
Alexander Hamilton
A key framer who envisioned a powerful central government, co-authored The federalist papers, and served as the first secretary of the treasury.
Anti-federalist
Those who favored strong state governments and a weak national government; opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution.
New world
the western hemisphere of earth, also called the americas, which was unknown to europeans before 1492
Benjamin Franklin
A brilliant inventor and senior statesman at the constitutional convention who urged colonial unity as early as 1754, twenty-two years before the declaration of independence.
French and Indian War
The american phase of what was called the seven years war, fought from 1754 to 1763 between Britian and France with Indian allies.
mercantilism
an economic theory designed to increase a nation´s wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade.
samuel adams
cousin of president john adams and an early leader against the british and loyalist oppressors; he played a key role in developing the committees of correspondence and was active in massachusetts and colonial politics
stamp act congress
a gathering of nine colonial representatives in 1765 in New York City where a detailed list of crown violations was drafted; first official meeting of the colonies and the first official step toward creating a unified nation
Sons and Daughters of Liberty
Loosely organized groups of patriotic american colonists who were early revolutionaries
Crispus Attucks
An african american and first american to die in what became known as the boston massacre in 1770
First Continental Congress
Meeting held in Philadelphia from september 5 to october 26, 1774, in which fifty-six delegates (from every colony except georgia) adopted a resolution in opposition to the coercive acts.
Lexington and Concord
The first sites of armed conflict between revolutionaries and British and soldiers, remembered for the hot heard round the world”in 1775.
Second Continental Congress
Meeting that convened in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775, at which it was decided that an army should be raised and George Washington of Virginia was named commander in chief.
Thomas Paine
The influential writer of Common Sense, a pamphlet that advocated for independence from Great Britain.
Common Sense
A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that challenged the authority of the British government to govern the colonies
Thomas Jefferson
Principle drafter of the Declaration 0f Independence; second vice president of theunited states;the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Co-founder of the Democratic-Republican Party created to oppose Federalists.
Declaration of Indepedence
Document drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 that proclaimed the right of the American colonies to separate from Great Britain
Social contract theory
The belief that governments exist based on the consent of the governed.
Political culture
Commonly shared attitudes, behaviors, and core values about how government
Articles of Confederation
The compact between the thirteen original colonies that created a loose league of friendship, with the national government drawing its powers from the states.
Critical Period
The chaotic period from 1781 to 1789 after the americann revolution during which the former colonies were governed under the articles of confederation
Shays´s Rebellion
A rebellion in which an army of 1,500 disgruntled and angry farmers led by Daniel Shays marched to Springfield, Massachusetts, and forcibly restrained the state court from foreclosing mortgages on their farms.
Constitutional Convention
The meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that was first intended to revise the Articles of Confederation but produced an entirely new document, the U.S. Constitution
George Washington
Widely considered the ¨Father of the Nation,” he was the commander of the revolutionary armies; served as the presiding officer of the Constitutional Convention; and as the United States first president from 1789 to 1797
