Chapter 2 Basic Exercise Science

Question 1

What is the Human Movement System?

Answer 1

The combination of interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems

Question 2

What is the Nervous System?

Answer 2

A conglomeration of billions of cells specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body

Question 3

What is Sensory Function?

Answer 3

The ability of the nervous system to sense changes in the the internal or external environment

Question 4

What is Integrative Function?

Answer 4

The ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information to allow for proper decision making, which produces the appropriate response

Question 5

What is Motor Function?

Answer 5

The neuromuscular response to the sensory information

Question 6

What is a Neuron?

Answer 6

The functional unit of the nervous system

Question 7

What are Sensory AFFERENT Neurons?

Answer 7

They transmit nerve impulses from effector sites (muscles and organs) via receptors to the brain and spinal cord

Question 8

What are Interneurons?

Answer 8

Transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another

Question 9

What are Motor EFFERENT Neurons?

Answer 9

Transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites

Question 10

What is the Central Nervous System?

Answer 10

The portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord

Question 11

What is the Peripheral Nervous System?

Answer 11

Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body

Question 12

What are Mechanoreceptors?

Answer 12

Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues

Question 13

What are Muscle Spindles?

Answer 13

Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change

Question 14

What are Golgi Tendon Organs?

Answer 14

Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change

Question 15

What are Joint Receptors?

Answer 15

Receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint

Question 16

What is the Skeletal System?

Answer 16

The body’s framework, composed of bones and joints

Question 17

What are Bones?

Answer 17

They provide a resting ground for muscles and protections of vital organs

Question 18

What are Joints?

Answer 18

Junctions of bones, muscles, and connective tissue at which movement occurs. Also known as articulation

Question 19

What is the Axial Skeleton?

Answer 19

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

Question 20

What is the Appendicular Skeleton?

Answer 20

Portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities

Question 21

What is Remodeling?

Answer 21

The process of resorption and formation of bone

Question 22

What are Osteoclasts?

Answer 22

A type of bone cell that removes or BREAKS DOWN bone tissue

Question 23

What are Osteoblasts?

Answer 23

A type of cell that is responsible for bone formation

Question 24

What is Epiphysis?

Answer 24

The end of long bones, which is mainly composed of cancellous bone, and house much of the red marrow involved in red blood cell production. They are also one of the primary sites for bone growth

Question 25

What is Diaphysis?

Answer 25

The shaft portion of a long bone

Question 26

What is the Epiphyseal Plate?

Answer 26

The region of long bone connecting the diaphysis to the epiphysis. It is a layer of subdividing cartilaginous cells in which growth in length of diaphysis occurs

Question 27

What is Periosteum?

Answer 27

A dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps all bone, except that of the articulating surfaces in joints, which are covered by a synovial membrane

Question 28

What is the Medullar Cavity?

Answer 28

The central cavity of bone shafts where marrow is stored

Question 29

What is the Articular (Hyaline) Cartilage?

Answer 29

Cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bones

Question 30

What are Depressions?

Answer 30

Flattened or indented portions of bone, which can be muscle attachment sites

Question 31

What are Processes?

Answer 31

Projections protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach

Question 32

What is the Vertebral Column?

Answer 32

A series of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae that houses the spinal cord

Question 33

What is ARTHROKINEMATICS?

Answer 33

Joint Motion

Question 34

What are Synovial Joints?

Answer 34

Joints that are held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are most associated with movement in the body

Question 35

What are NONSynovial Joints?

Answer 35

Joints that do not have a joint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage

Question 36

What is a Ligament?

Answer 36

Primary connective tissue that connects bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limitation of improper joint movement

Question 37

What is the Muscular System?

Answer 37

Series of muscles that moves the skeleton

Question 38

What is Epimysium?

Answer 38

A layer of connective tissue that is underneath the fascia and surrounds the muscle

Question 39

What is the Perimysium?

Answer 39

The connective tissue that surrounds fascicles

Question 40

What is the Endomysium?

Answer 40

The deepest layer of connective tyissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers

Question 41

What are Tendons?

Answer 41

Connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an anchor for muscles to produce force

Question 42

What is a Sarcomere?

Answer 42

The functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction and consists of repeating sections of actin and myosin

Question 43

What is Neural Activation?

Answer 43

The contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation

Question 44

What is a Motor Unit?

Answer 44

A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 45

What are Neurotransmitters?

Answer 45

Chemical messengers that cross the neuromuscular junction (synapse) to transmit electrical impulses from the nerve to the muscle