Chapter 2 (Brain)

Question 1

organizes brain structures in the order of which they have thought to have evolved

Answer 1

phylogenetic division

Question 2

three structures of the hindbrain

Answer 2

medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellum

Question 3

transmits information from the spinal cord to the brain, regulates life support functions

Answer 3

medulla

Question 4

acts as a neural relay centre

Answer 4

pons

Question 5

coordinate muscular activity, balance, general motor behaviour

Answer 5

cerebellum

Question 6

involved in relaying information between other brain regions

Answer 6

midbrain

Question 7

structures of the forebrain

Answer 7

thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocamus, amygdala

Question 8

switiching station for sensory information

Answer 8

thalamus

Question 9

critical structure for memory, learning, and emotion

Answer 9

hippocampus

Question 10

involved in memory, emotion, agression

Answer 10

amygdala

Question 11

regulate basic biological functions such as eating, drinking, temperature control

Answer 11

hypothalamus

Question 12

carries information between the cortex and the thalamus or different parts of the cortex

Answer 12

cerebal cortex

Question 13

four lobes of the cerebral cortex

Answer 13

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal (clockwise)

Question 14

connects the left and right hemispheres (front, parietal, occipital)

Answer 14

corpus calosum

Question 15

connects the left and right hemispheres (temporal)

Answer 15

anterior commisure

Question 16

located in the parietal lobe

Answer 16

somatosensory cortex

Question 17

involved in the processing of sensory information from the body

Answer 17

somatosensory cortex

Question 18

process visual information

Answer 18

occipital lobe

Question 19

process auditory information, faces

Answer 19

temporal lobes

Question 20

contain the motor cortex, premotor cortex

Answer 20

frontal lobes

Question 21

directs fine motor movement

Answer 21

motor cortex

Question 21

planning fine motor movement

Answer 21

premotor cortex

Question 22

executive functioning - planning, making decisions, implementing strategies, inhibtion, using working memory

Answer 22

prefrontal cortex

Question 23

theory that different mental abilities were independent and autonomous functions, carried out in different parts of the brain

Answer 23

faculty of psychology

Question 24

psychological strengths and weaknesses could be precisely correlated to the relative sizes of different brain areas

Answer 24

phrenology

Question 25

disruption of expressive language

Answer 25

aphasia

Question 26

unable to produce words or speak fluently

Answer 26

Broca’s aphasia (left side)

Question 27

are able to produce speech, however it makes no sense

Answer 27

Wernicke’s aphasia (right side)

Question 28

created maps of the sensory and motor cortices of the brain

Answer 28

Wilder Penfield

Question 29

the two cerebral hemispheres seem to play different roles

Answer 29

lateralization

Question 30

a technique in which a highly focuses beam of X-rays is passed through the body from many different angles

Answer 30

CAT-scan

Question 31

used to detect different states of consciousness

Answer 31

EEG

Question 32

measures an area of the brains response to specific events

Answer 32

ERP

Question 33

involves injecting a radioactive labelled compound which can be detected, measure blood flow to different regions of the brain

Answer 33

PET

Question 34

Uses magnetism and requires no exposure to radiation

Answer 34

MRI

Question 35

relies on the fact that blood has magnetic properties, uses BOLD function

Answer 35

fMRI

Question 36

the relative amount of activation in a particular brain region needed for a given cognitive task can be measured by subtracting a control state from a task state

Answer 36

subtractive technique

Question 37

yields structural information

Answer 37

CAT, MRI

Question 38

yields dynamic information

Answer 38

PET, fMRI

Question 39

measure electrical activity

Answer 39

EEG, ERP