chapter 2 cell cytoplasm

Question 1

two types of cells

Answer 1

sex cells (gametes) that are haploid and somatic cells (diploid)

Question 2

light microscopy

Answer 2

magnifies up to 1000 times and sometimes 2000 maximum

Question 3

hemotoxolyn

Answer 3

bluish purple stain

Question 4

transmission electron microscopy

Answer 4

magnifies more than light microscopy
-2 dimmensional image

Question 5

color images

Answer 5

anything with color means that color was added artifically with an electron microscope

Question 6

scanning electron microscop

Answer 6

shows three dimmensional image

Question 7

cytoplasm parts

Answer 7

cytosol and organelles

Question 8

plasmalemma

Answer 8

cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer)

Question 9

mebranous organelles

Answer 9

-mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes and peroxisomes

Question 10

nonmembranous organelles

Answer 10

-cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, cilia, flagella and ribosomes

Question 11

plasma membrane

Answer 11

has trans membrane proteins and there are also nuclear pores leading to the nucleus to let out any materials that have been synthesized in there

Question 12

plasmalemma components and function

Answer 12

-phospholipids, glycolipids, protein and cholesterol
-called the bilayer
-physical isolation, regulation of exchange with the environment, sensitivity and structural support

Question 13

endocytosis

Answer 13

phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 14

active processes of plasmalemma

Answer 14

ion pumps use ATP to transport particles

Question 15

exchange pump

Answer 15

uses two ions simultanesously in opposite directions

Question 16

phagocytosisi

Answer 16

cell eating

Question 17

pinocytosis

Answer 17

cell drinking
-pinch into cell

Question 18

receptor mediated

Answer 18

ligands bind specific molecules to the receptors thereby allowing only specific molecules to enter the cell

Question 19

nonmembranous organelles/ cytoskeleton

Answer 19

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, thick filaments, microtubules

Question 20

microfilaments

Answer 20

ancho cytoskeleton to integral proteins, stabalize position of membrane proteins, anchor plasmalemma to the cytoplasm, produce movement of the cell

Question 21

intermediate filaments

Answer 21

provide strenght, stabalize organelle, transport material within the cytosol

Question 22

thick filaments

Answer 22

in muscle cells for contractions (MYOSIN)

Question 23

thin filaments

Answer 23

ACTIN

Question 24

microtubules

Answer 24

formation of centrioles that are used in cell reproduction to create spindle fibers to pull cell apart

Question 25

microtubule examples

Answer 25

centrioles, cilia and flagella

Question 26

ribosomes

Answer 26

free ribosome (floating in cytoplasm), fixed (attached to endoplasmic reticulum, BOTH CREATE PROTEIN

Question 27

double membrane organelles

Answer 27

mitochondria, nucleus, e.r., golg, lysosomes, peroxisomes

Question 28

nucleus

Answer 28

contains chromosomes

Question 29

e.r.

Answer 29

produces proteins

Question 30

golgi

Answer 30

modifies proteins, synthesize secretions, renew and modify the plasmalemma

Question 31

lysosomes

Answer 31

contains cellular digestive enzymes, fuse with phagosomes to digest solids, recycle damaged organelles, can rupture which will kill the entire cell (AUTOLYSIS)

Question 32

peroxisomes

Answer 32

contain catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxidants, lots in the liver

Question 33

rough er

Answer 33

fixed ribosomes, where protein enters,

Question 34

smooth er

Answer 34

synthesizes lipids, steroids, carbs, stores calcium ions and detoxifies

Question 35

cis golgi

Answer 35

where substances enter from the er

Question 36

rans golgi

Answer 36

where they leave in vesicles

Question 37

membrane flow

Answer 37

constant recycling of membrane, transport vesicles connect the er with the golgi and the secretory vesicles connect the golgi witht he plasmalemma

Question 38

intercellular attachments

Answer 38

-communication junctions adhering junctions (tight and anchoring)

Question 39

cell reproduction

Answer 39

interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 40

mitosis

Answer 40

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (cytokinesis overlaps with anaphase and telophase)

Question 41

prophase

Question 42

metaphase

Question 43

anaphase

Question 44

telophase

Question 45

cytokinesis