chapter 7

Question 1

cartilage is?

Answer 1

avascular bc the ecm provides all nutrients

Question 2

ecm

Answer 2

solid and firm bc proteoglycans bear all weight

Question 3

hyaline cartilage

Answer 3

-type 2 collagen
-proteoglycans
-multiadhesive groups
-fibrocartilage (type 1)
-has spaces/ lacunae
-synovial joints
-WILL NOT REPAIR ITSELF

Question 4

TENASCINA ND FIBRONECTIN

Answer 4

ANCHOR CHON OT MATRIX

Question 5

collagen types

Answer 5

-type 2
-type 9
-type 6

Question 6

type 6

Answer 6

attached chon to matrix

Question 7

3 types of proteoglycans

Answer 7

-hyluron
-chroitin sulfate
-keratan sulfate

Question 8

hyluron

Answer 8

forms large proteoglycan (aggregan)
-allows diffusion
-formation of chon
-lets chon bear weight because of water movement

Question 9

core protein

Answer 9

makes proteoglycan monomer (has a neg charge)

Question 10

what do chon detect?

Answer 10

changes in the matrix that trigger ecm turnover

Question 11

isogenous groups

Answer 11

-groups of chon
-cells recently divided
-secrete metanoprotionase (an enzyme that breaks down cartilage)

Question 12

cytoplasmic basophilia

Answer 12

in chon, responsible for protein synth

Question 13

does the ecm stain?

Answer 13

stains unevenly therefore the matrix is not a homogenous mixture

Question 14

staining regions of chon

Answer 14

-capsular
-territorial
-interterritorial matrix

Question 15

capsular/ pericellular matrix

Answer 15

-has the highest concentration of sulfates and therefore proteoglycans
-type 6 collagen
-also some type 9

Question 16

type 6

Answer 16

binds integrin recptors on the cell surface and anchors the chon to the ecm

Question 17

territorial

Answer 17

-surrounds isogenous groups
-type 2
-less type 9 than capsular layer
-stains less bc it has less sulfate and therefore less proteoglycans

Question 18

interterritorial

Answer 18

surrounds the territorial and is btwn the groups of chon

Question 19

endochondrial ossification

Answer 19

hyaline cart

Question 20

remaining cart after growth

Answer 20

-becomes epiphyseal plate and adults have articular cartilage on ribs, nose, and trachea

Question 21

hyaline cart is surrounded by?

Answer 21

perichondrium (connective tissue)

Question 22

Where do new cartilage cells come from?

Answer 22

the inner layer of the perichondrium

Question 23

what covers the surfaces of moveable joints?

Answer 23

hyaline

Question 24

articular cart.

Answer 24

-contact bone on one side
-no perichondrium
-2 to 5 nm and 4 zones

Question 25

zones of art. cartilage

Answer 25

-superficial -intermediate -deep -calcified

Question 26

superficial/ tangital

Answer 26

-pressure resistant -type 2 (ARRANGED IN PARALLEL FASICLES) -long flat chon

Question 27

Intermediate/ transitional

Answer 27

-under superficial -round chon

Question 28

deel/ radial

Answer 28

-small round chon -in perpendicular columns

Question 29

calcified

Answer 29

-has a calcified matrix -small chon

Question 30

what separates the calcified and deep zones?

Answer 30

the tidemark

Question 31

what makes elastic cart. elastic?

Answer 31

it has elastin in the matrix - it is surrounded by perichondrium

Question 32

what are the best stains for elastic cart.?

Answer 32

reorcinfuchsin and orcein

Question 33

what is made of elastic?

Answer 33

ear and canal, eustachain tube and epiglottis

Question 34

which cartilage does not calcify with age?

Answer 34

elastic cart.

Question 35

fibrocartilage

Answer 35

made of chon -it is a dense regular connective tissue with hyaline cart. -they just have less cart. matrix -no perichondrium -round chon -resist compression -type 1 and 2 -can change the matrix even after it is snythesized -lots of aggrecan

Question 36

where does cart. develop from

Answer 36

mesenchyme

Question 37

head

Answer 37

aggregates of ectomesenchyme that comes from the neural crest

Question 38

chondrogenic nodule

Answer 38

-site of hyaline formation -marks the start of hyaline formation -mesenchymal tissue around it develops perichondrium

Question 39

chondroblast

Answer 39

result of differentiation -uses transcription factor sox-9 -move apart as they begin to deposit matrix

Question 40

appositional growth

Answer 40

-comes from innerlayer of perichondrium -trans factor sox9 -round nucleus -perichondrium makes new chon

Question 41

interstitial growth

Answer 41

-new cartilage comes from lacunae -only possible because the chon retain the ability to divide -daughter cells are together in lacunae until partition forms and move further away -happens bc of new chon made by isogenous cell clusters

Question 42

hyaline repair

Answer 42

ONLY IF THE DEFECT AFFECT THE PERICHONDRIUM -repair= production of dense c.t.

Question 43

hyaline repair

Answer 43

ONLY IF THE DEFECT AFFECT THE PERICHONDRIUM -repair= production of dense c.t.hy

Question 44

hylaine calcification

Answer 44

--forms calcium phosphate/ hypoaxalate crystals

Question 45

when will calcification happen

Answer 45

when bones are growing and it happens btwn articular cartilage and bone when it is abt to be replaced by bone

Question 46

calcification

Answer 46

-does not allow diffusion to happen, chon swell and die

Question 47

chondroclast

Answer 47

enter cartilage on new b.v. -come from bone marrow stem cells -wherever cartilage in removes and are in lacuna

Question 48

perichondrium layers

Answer 48

-outer layer= fibrous -inner layer= cellular (for exernal growth)

Question 49

what layer of the matrix stains more intensly?

Answer 49

capsule

Question 50

what is lightly stained matrix?

Answer 50

matrix that has not matured yet