chapter 8 part 1

Question 1

what type of tissue is bone?

Answer 1

connective tissue

Question 2

what makes bone hard?

Answer 2

mineralizeed matrix

Question 3

what type of homeostasis is in bone system?

Answer 3

stable levels of calcium

Question 4

what is the main protein of bone amtrix?

Answer 4

collagen

Question 5

what percent is ground substance in the ecm?

Answer 5

10%

Question 6

non collagenous proteins

Answer 6

-proteoglycans
-multiadhesive glycoproteins
-k dependant proteins
-growth factors and cytokines

Question 7

proteoglycans

Answer 7

core protein with glycosaminoglycans
-FOR BONE STRENGTH
-bind growth factors and PREVENT MINERALIZATION

Question 8

Multiadhesive proteins

Answer 8

-ATTACH BONE CELLS AND COLLAGEN TO MINERALIZED GROUND SUBSTANCE

Question 9

osteoprotin

Answer 9

mutliadhesive protein
-the glue btwn crystals and collagen

Question 10

k dependent proteins

Answer 10

-protein s= remove cells after apoptosis

Question 11

growth factors and cytokines

Answer 11

-regulatory proteins and insulin like growth factors
-tumor necrosis factor
-bone morphogenic proteins

Question 12

bone morphogenic protein

Answer 12

differentiate mesenchyme into osteoblasts
-it is osteogenic protein

Question 13

what connects the lacunae?

Answer 13

a network of canaliculi

Question 14

canaliculi

Answer 14

a tunnel that goes through the matrix and lets cell processed of neighboring cells happen

Question 15

4 bone cell types

Answer 15

-osteoprogenitor cells
-osteoblasts
-bone lining cells
-osteoclasts

Question 16

osteoproginator cells

Answer 16

from mesenchymal cells and become osteoblasts

Question 17

osteoblasts

Answer 17

secrete the ecm
once the cell has been surrounded with the matrix it becomes the osteocyte

Question 18

bone lining cells

Answer 18

on the bone surface WHERE THERE IS NO ACTIVE GROWTH

Question 19

osteoclasts

Answer 19

bone removal/ remodeling

Question 20

which of the bone cells are phagocytic?

Answer 20

osteoblast

Question 21

synovial

Answer 21

free moving joint
-hyaline cart.

Question 22

medullary cavitiy

Answer 22

bone marrow

Question 23

what covers the surface of bone?

Answer 23

periosteum (dense c.t.)
-less when there is no active growth
-collagen fibers are parallel to the bone

Question 24

sharpeys fibers

Answer 24

colalgen fibers that extend from the periosteum into the ecm of the bone

Question 25

articular surface

Answer 25

where two bones connect THERE IS NO PERICHONDRIUM

Question 26

Endosteum

Answer 26

one cell thick -they are osteoproginator cells that became osteoblasts -endosteal cells -also bone linning cells

Question 27

marrow

Answer 27

-has reticular fibers -RED MARROW DOES NOT GROW WITH BONE -Fat= yellow marrow (will increase with age)

Question 28

what type of marrow increases with age?

Answer 28

yellow marrow

Question 29

what do mature osteocytes have?

Answer 29

concentric llamellae -they surround the central canal

Question 30

nutrient foramine

Answer 30

-the opening in the bone hwere the b.v. reaches the marrow -in diaphysis and epiphysis -metaphyseal arteries bring the blood

Question 31

why is immature bone nonllamelar?

Answer 31

-because of collagen arrangement

Question 32

mature bone stains best with?

Answer 32

eosin

Question 33

immature bone stains best with?

Answer 33

hematoxolyn

Question 34

what trigers differentiation in an osteoproginator cell?

Answer 34

core binding factor alpha -the osteoprog are made inside and out of the cell and have light staining

Question 35

what is the protein in the matrix of osteoblasts?

Answer 35

osteoid

Question 36

what junctions do osteoblasts use?

Answer 36

gap junctions

Question 37

what does the mature bone cell have that the immature does not?

Answer 37

a matrix to enclose it -matrix is secreted by osteoblasts

Question 38

osteocyte can do what to the matrix?

Answer 38

degrade it through osteolysis

Question 39

what causes repairs?

Answer 39

osteoblasts

Question 40

when are canaliculi visible?

Answer 40

-visible in ground stains -NOT VISIBLE IN H AND E

Question 41

3 osteocyte stages

Answer 41

-quiscent -formative -resoptive

Question 42

quiescent osteocyte

Answer 42

-small golgi -mature calcified matrix

Question 43

formative

Answer 43

-larger golgi -osteoid

Question 44

resoptive

Answer 44

-more lysosome and golgi and er -IT IS THE PERICELLULAR SPACE AND HAS NO COLLAGEN

Question 45

osteolysis

Answer 45

breaks down the MMP (matrix mellaproteinases)

Question 46

bone lining cells are

Answer 46

-former osteoblasts that cover non remodeling bone -flat layer of cells -external= periosteal -internal= endosteal -gap junctions -regulate calcium and phosphate entering and leaving the bone

Question 47

osteoclasts

Answer 47

-multinucleated -has reportion bay -DO NOT come from osteoblasts -gran and monocyte cell lineages -2 trans factors -3 regions

Question 48

osteoclast regions

Answer 48

-ruffle border -clear zones -basolateral region

Question 49

ruffled border

Answer 49

-direct contact w bone -microvilli for exocytosis -slight stain -nuclei far from bone

Question 50

clear

Answer 50

-perimeter of cytoplasm -a compartment of the ruffled border -where resorption and degradation happen actin fillaments

Question 51

basolateral

Answer 51

-exocytosis of digested material -where transport vesicles from ruffle fuse and release content

Question 52

how to osteoclast resorb bone?

Answer 52

release proteina nd lysosomal hydrolases into ecm -after they suicide

Question 53

what are most vesicles in osteoclasts?

Answer 53

lysosomes