chapter 9

Question 1

adipose

Answer 1

connective tissue

Question 2

where are adipocytes found?

Answer 2

in loose connective tissue
-also an exocrine organ

Question 3

where are adipocytes when they are the primary cell?

Answer 3

adipose tissue

Question 4

functions of adipose tissue/ cells

Answer 4

-maintain homeostasis
-store energy in lipid drop
-add to energy when you spend more out than you are eating
-no water in it

Question 5

what is energy stores as in the drop?

Answer 5

triglycerides

Question 6

white

Answer 6

unimolecular
-dominant in adults
-secrete hormones
-form hypodermis/ panniculus
-accumulation= mammary fat pad
-synth hormones
-make leptin
-has 2 transition factors

Question 7

mammary fat pad

Answer 7

make growth factors, hormones

Question 8

leptin

Answer 8

goes to hypothalamus and makes you eat less
-long term

Question 9

where does white come from?

Answer 9

mesenchyme

Question 10

baby adipocyte

Answer 10

lipoblasts
-called primitive fat organ
-develops in fetus
-look like fibroblast during development

Question 11

2 trans factors of white

Answer 11

ppar and rxr

Question 12

lipoblast development

Answer 12

midstage= ovoid
-have many lipid drops
-has a basal lamina and pinocyte vesicles

Question 13

mature adipocyte

Answer 13

-one large lipid drop
-spherical
-more smoother er than rough er
-FLAT NUCLEUS
-few poorly developed mitochondria bc if there was more it would take up energy
-surrounded by type 3

Question 14

mitochondria

Answer 14

needed in brown to make heat

Question 15

type 3

Answer 15

reticular fibers
secreted by cells

Question 16

brain gut axis

Answer 16

regulate shunger, satiety, energy
-all abt how hormones are secreted and go to the brain and alimetary tract (gastro)

Question 17

short term weight regulation

Answer 17

control petite and metabolism daily
-2 homrones one an appetite stimulant and one a supressor

Question 18

long term

Answer 18

leptin and insulin
insulin= regulate blood glucose
-resistan increases insulin resistance

Question 19

glucose in the blood

Answer 19

converted to triglycerides/ lipid drop

Question 20

fatty acid from blood becomes?

Answer 20

triglycerise that goes to the lipid drop
-MOBILIZATION

Question 21

neural mobilization

Answer 21

the activation of lipase during starvation
-this will split the triglyceride

Question 22

hormonal mobilization.

Answer 22

fatty acid release from adipocyte bu hormones and enzymes
-ex: insulin causing lipid synthesis
-ex: glucagon increases lipid ulitization

Question 23

lipolysis

Answer 23

lipid drop breaks down
-use it

Question 24

brown

Answer 24

lots of fat drops
-smaller than white
-round nucleus
-loose lipid and empty vacuoles
-many mitochondria
-small golgi, and ers
-color comes from the mitochondria
-has unmyelinated nerve fibers
-develop from mesenchyme

Question 25

where does the brown color come from

Answer 25

-comes from cytochrome oxidase in mitochondria -capillaries enhance the color

Question 26

why is brown in newborns?

Answer 26

to prevent hypothermia

Question 27

where does brown stay in adults?

Answer 27

kindey, adrenal gland, neck, back and thorax

Question 28

what are the trans factors in brown

Answer 28

-2 trans factors -PRDM and PGC

Question 29

mitochondria protein

Answer 29

thermogenin protein -needed for metabolism in brown -STOPS APOPTOSIS -activated by Ne

Question 30

thermogenesis

Answer 30

lipid metabolism generated heat -nonshivering thermogenesis

Question 31

sympathetic ns

Answer 31

regulates metabolic activity -stimulates lipolysis and hydrolysis of triglyceride -increase mitochondria activity