integument part 2

Question 1

corneum

Answer 1

dead cells with hard protein envelope surrounded by lipids

Question 2

lucidum

Answer 2

dead cells that have keratinohyalin
-only in thick skin

Question 3

granulosum

Answer 3

-formation of the keratinohyalin and hard protein envelope
-llamelar bodies release lipids
-cells die and nucleus break down
-water barrier formed by lamellar bodies
-non dividing cells are filled with granules of keratin

Question 4

spinosum

Answer 4

keratinocyte are separates

Question 5

basal

Answer 5

site of mitosis
-have desmosomes and a basement membrane

Question 6

langerhans cells

Answer 6

in the prickle cell layer
-macrophages

Question 7

merkel cell

Answer 7

in the basal cell layer

Question 8

dermis

Answer 8

connective tissue

Question 9

water barrie

Answer 9

under karatinized cells above keratohyalin granules

Question 10

keratinocytes

Answer 10

90% of the epidermal cells
-make keratin

Question 11

keratin

Answer 11

fibrous protein that waterproofs skin

Question 12

melanocytes

Answer 12

8% of the epidermal cells that make melanin
-protect karatinocyte dna from sun
-have dendrites , nucleus, rough er, golgi, mitochondrion, melanosome and granules

Question 13

langerhans

Answer 13

come from red bone marrow that migrate to epidermis
-immune response
-dendritic phagocytic

Question 14

merkel cells

Answer 14

least amount of these in the epidermis, deepest layer (basale)
-touch sensation
-sensory nerve endings

Question 15

corneum

Answer 15

dead anucleated cells
-thickened cell membrane and cytoplasm filled w keratin
-20-30 layers

Question 16

stratum spinosum

Answer 16

also has desmosomes (membrane linked by filaments)

Question 17

stratum lucidum

Answer 17

palms and soles of feet and lips (thick skin) and fingertips
-clear flat dead cells with keratin 3-5 layers

Question 18

flaggrin

Answer 18

protein that cross links keratin

Question 19

dark skin

Answer 19

more melanosomes

Question 20

receptors in the dermis

Answer 20

-free nerve endings, merkel disks, krause, meissner, pacini, ruffini

Question 21

ruffini

Answer 21

heat

Question 22

pacini

Answer 22

pressure

Question 23

meissner

Answer 23

touch

Question 24

krause

Answer 24

cold

Question 25

free nerve

Answer 25

pain -innervate basal

Question 26

apoptosis

Answer 26

phagocytosis of cell death

Question 27

corneocytes

Answer 27

terminally differentiated

Question 28

integument

Answer 28

cutaneous membrane -16% of body weight -.5-4mm thick (thick= heel) (thin= eyelid)

Question 29

keratinization

Answer 29

-replacing viable cells int he stratum basale with keratin protein as the cells move from the deep to the surface -this is why friction makes a callus (build up of karatinocytes)

Question 30

dandruff

Answer 30

excess fo karatinized cells

Question 31

thin skin

Answer 31

all body but the palms, and soles -hair

Question 32

thick skin

Answer 32

-hairless (palms and soles)

Question 33

eumelanin

Answer 33

brown to black

Question 34

pheomelanin

Answer 34

yellow to red

Question 35

nevi

Answer 35

birthmark -chronic lesions

Question 36

melanoma

Answer 36

cancer of melanocytes

Question 37

defect on enzyme that makes malanin

Answer 37

albinism

Question 38

dermis

Answer 38

connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers

Question 39

two regions of the dermis

Answer 39

papillary region and reticular region

Question 40

papillary region

Answer 40

-below the epidermis -has areolar connective tissue (thin collagen, elastic, dermal papillae)

Question 41

reticular region

Answer 41

dense irregular connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers, adipose, hair and nerve and oil/ sweat glands

Question 42

what region for stretch makrs (striae)

Answer 42

reticular region

Question 43

dermis functions

Answer 43

prevent dehydration and temp stability but cant heal very well

Question 44

superficial receptors

Answer 44

merkel, free nerve and meissner/ hair root plexus

Question 45

deep

Answer 45

pacinian corpuscle

Question 46

deep wound

Answer 46

dermis wound and into subcutaneous layer -lose function and develop scar tissue

Question 47

superficial rule

Answer 47

return to normal function