Chapter 2: Cultural Differences

Question 1

Subcultures

Answer 1

groups of people with norms, values, and material practices that differentiate them from the dominant culture to which they belong

Question 2

Material Culture

Answer 2

all physical, tangible objects made and used by members ofa cultural group, such as clothing, buildings, tools and utensils, instruments, furniture, and artwork

Question 3

Nonmaterial Culture

Answer 3

wide range of tales, songs, lore, beliefs, values and customs that pass from generation to generation as part of an oral or written tradition

Question 4

Folk Culture

Answer 4

small, cohesive, stable, isolated, nearly self-sufficent group that is homogenous in custom and race; characterized by a strong family or clan structure, order maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family, little division of labor other than that between the sexes, frequent and strong interpersonal relationships, and a material culture consisting mainlyof handmade goods

Question 5

Folk

Answer 5

traditional, rural; the opposite of popular

Question 6

Folk Geography

Answer 6

study of the spatial patterns and ecology of traditional groups; a branch of cultural geography

Question 7

Popular Culture

Answer 7

dynamic culture based in large, heterogeneous societies permitting considerable individualism, innovation, and change; having money-based economy, division of labor into professions, secular institutions of control, and weak interpersonal ties; producing and consuming machine-made goods

Question 8

Indigenous Culture

Answer 8

group that constitutes the original inhabitants of a territory, distinct from the dominant national culture, which is often derived from colonial occupation

Question 9

Placelessness

Answer 9

spatial standardization that diminishes regional variety; may result from the spread of popular culture, which can diminish, or destroy the uniqueness of place through cultural standardization on a national or even worldwide scale

Question 10

Vernacular Culture Regions

Answer 10

region perceived to exist by its inhabitants, based in the collective spacial perception of the population at large, and bearing a generally accepted name or nickname (e.g. “Dixie”)

Question 11

Convergence Hypothesis

Answer 11

holding that cultural differences among places are being reduced by improved transportation and commonications systems, leading to a homogenization of popular culture

Question 12

Local Consumption Cultures

Answer 12

distinct consumption practices and preferences in food, clothing, music and so forth formed in specific places and historical moments

Question 13

Consumer Nationalism

Answer 13

situation in which local consumers favor nationally produced goods over imported goods as part of a nationalist political agenda

Question 14

Colonialism

Answer 14

forceful appropriation of a territory by a distant state, often involving the dispacement of indigenous populations to make way for colonial settlers

Question 15

Indigenous Technical Knowledge (IDK)

Answer 15

highly localized knowledge about environmental conditions and sustainable land-use practices

Question 16

Subsistence Economies

Answer 16

economies in which people seek to consome only what they produce and to produce only for hte local consumption rather than for exchange or export

Question 17

Agroforestry

Answer 17

cultivation system that features the interplanting of trees with field crops

Question 18

Folk Architecture

Answer 18

structures built by members of a folk society or culture in a traditional manner and style, wihout the assistance of professional architects or blueprints, using locally available raw materials

Question 19

Leisure Landscapes

Answer 19

landscapes that are planned and designed primarily for entertainment purposes

Question 20

Amenity Landscapes

Answer 20

landscapes that are prized for their natural and culturel aesthetic qualities by the tourism and real estate industries and their customers

Question 21

Reverse

groups of people with norms, values, and material practices that differentiate them from the dominant culture to which they belong

Answer 21

Subcultures

Question 22

Reverse

all physical, tangible objects made and used by members ofa cultural group, such as clothing, buildings, tools and utensils, instruments, furniture, and artwork

Answer 22

Material Culture

Question 23

Reverse

wide range of tales, songs, lore, beliefs, values and customs that pass from generation to generation as part of an oral or written tradition

Answer 23

Nonmaterial Culture

Question 24

Reverse

small, cohesive, stable, isolated, nearly self-sufficent group that is homogenous in custom and race; characterized by a strong family or clan structure, order maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family, little division of labor other than that between the sexes, frequent and strong interpersonal relationships, and a material culture consisting mainlyof handmade goods

Answer 24

Folk Culture

Question 25

# Reverse traditional, rural; the opposite of popular

Answer 25

Folk

Question 26

# Reverse study of the spatial patterns and ecology of traditional groups; a branch of cultural geography

Answer 26

Folk Geography

Question 27

# Reverse dynamic culture based in large, heterogeneous societies permitting considerable individualism, innovation, and change; having money-based economy, division of labor into professions, secular institutions of control, and weak interpersonal ties; producing and consuming machine-made goods

Answer 27

Popular Culture

Question 28

# Reverse group that constitutes the original inhabitants of a territory, distinct from the dominant national culture, which is often derived from colonial occupation

Answer 28

Indigenous Culture

Question 29

# Reverse spatial standardization that diminishes regional variety; may result from the spread of popular culture, which can diminish, or destroy the uniqueness of place through cultural standardization on a national or even worldwide scale

Answer 29

Placelessness

Question 30

# Reverse region perceived to exist by its inhabitants, based in the collective spacial perception of the population at large, and bearing a generally accepted name or nickname (e.g. "Dixie")

Answer 30

Vernacular Culture Regions

Question 31

# Reverse holding that cultural differences among places are being reduced by improved transportation and commonications systems, leading to a homogenization of popular culture

Answer 31

Convergence Hypothesis

Question 32

# Reverse distinct consumption practices and preferences in food, clothing, music and so forth formed in specific places and historical moments

Answer 32

Local Consumption Cultures

Question 33

# Reverse situation in which local consumers favor nationally produced goods over imported goods as part of a nationalist political agenda

Answer 33

Consumer Nationalism

Question 34

# Reverse forceful appropriation of a territory by a distant state, often involving the dispacement of indigenous populations to make way for colonial settlers

Answer 34

Colonialism

Question 35

# Reverse highly localized knowledge about environmental conditions and sustainable land-use practices

Answer 35

Indigenous Technical Knowledge (IDK)

Question 36

# Reverse economies in which people seek to consome only what they produce and to produce only for hte local consumption rather than for exchange or export

Answer 36

Subsistence Economies

Question 37

# Reverse cultivation system that features the interplanting of trees with field crops

Answer 37

Agroforestry

Question 38

# Reverse structures built by members of a folk society or culture in a traditional manner and style, wihout the assistance of professional architects or blueprints, using locally available raw materials

Answer 38

Folk Architecture

Question 39

# Reverse landscapes that are planned and designed primarily for entertainment purposes

Answer 39

Leisure Landscapes

Question 40

# Reverse landscapes that are prized for their natural and culturel aesthetic qualities by the tourism and real estate industries and their customers

Answer 40

Amenity Landscapes