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AP Human Geography > Religion > Flashcards

Religion Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Definition of Religion

A

set of beliefs regarding the nature or existence of life, the origins of life, the nature of an afterlife, and other aspects of the supernatural or divine

system of beliefs shared by a group with objects for devotion, rituals for worship and code of ethics

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2
Q

Beliefs of Judaism

A

belief in one god
originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people
Yahweh was responsible for the world
preserved early history in the Old Testament

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3
Q

Beliefs of Christianity

A

monotheistic system of beliefs and practices
based on Old Testament and New Testament
Jesus is the savior and the son of God

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4
Q

Beliefs of Islam

A

monotheistic religion of Muslims
founded in Arabia in 7th century
based on the teachings of Muhammad in Koran

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5
Q

Beliefs of Hinduism

A

wide variety of beliefs and ritual practices
developed in the Indian subcontinent
roots in ancient Vedic, Buddhist practices
includes caste system

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6
Q

Beliefs of Buddhism

A

founded by Siddhartha Gautama
salvation through self-discipline and poverty and self-knowledge and elimination of greed
evolved from Hinduism in northern India and Nepal as result of strict hierarchy maintained by Hinduism

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7
Q

What is proselytizing

A

attempt to convert people to a religious belief or other cause

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8
Q

What is universalizing

A

religion that attempts to appeal to people in all locations

Christianity, Islam, Buddhism

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9
Q

Largest religions

A 
Christianity is single largest religion
17% of world is Catholic
15% of world is Sunni Muslim
13% of world is Hindu
7% of world is Protestant
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10
Q

Ghetto

A

formerly the restricted quarter of many European cities in which Jews were required to live

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11
Q

Christian sects

A

Pentacostalists
Adventists
Quakers

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12
Q

Islamic sects

A

Shia: Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of Muhammed’s son-in-law Ali as the true rulers of Islam

Sunni: branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad

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13
Q

Secularism

A

doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations

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14
Q

Syncretic religions

A

religions that blend together into a new religion

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15
Q

Cultural hearths

A

where most religions are born

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16
Q

Causes of religious conflict

A

religion v. social change
religion v. Communism
religious wars in the Middle East (Israel and Palestine)
religious wars in Ireland (Protestant populations chose to remain part of the United Kingdom)

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17
Q

Reincarnation

A

in Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding

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18
Q

Karma

A

sort of cosmic cause and effect principle

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19
Q

Dharma

A

law

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20
Q

Nirvana

A

in Buddhism it is the stillness of mind after the fires of desire have been extinguished

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21
Q

Sikhism

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A

Indian religion founded by the guru Nanak in the Punjab region of northwest India

22
Q

Wicca

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A

pagan witchcraft

23
Q

Shintoism

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A

religion in Japan
related to Buddhism
focuses on nature and ancestor worship

24
Q

Five Pillars of Islam

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A 
faith
prayer
charity
fasting
pilgrimage to Mecca (Hadj)
25
Sharia Law
Islamic code of law based on the words of Allah in the Qur'an
26
Yin-Yang
symbols of the valance of opposites in the universe according to Taoism
27
Four Noble Truths
summary of the Buddha's teachings 1. all life is full of suffering, pain and sorrow 2. cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds 3. only cure for suffering is overcome non-virtue 4. way to overcome non-virtue is to follow Eightfold Path
28
Mecca
birthplace of Mohammad site of many events in founders life pilgrimage destination for millions of Muslims
29
Jerusalem (Islam)
location of the Dome of the Rock | site of a vision of Mohammad in which he was taken to heaven
30
Jerusalem (Christianity)
major events in Jesus' life
31
Bethlehem
birthplace of Christ
32
Rome
important events in early Christian church
33
Lower Ganges Valley
early history of the life of Buddha
34
Mt. Khailas
god Siva lives there
35
Ganges River
purification baths possible here because it comes from the hair of Siva
36
major branches of Christianity
Protestant Eastern Orthodox Roman Catholic
37
Hadj
5th pillar of Islam -- pilgrimage to Mecca
38
Christianity Hearth and Diffusion
hearth in Jerusalem diffused from Palestine through the Roman Empire and continued through Europe after the fall of Rome later to North and South America and Africa
39
Islam Hearth and Diffusion
hearth in Mecca | diffused rapidly and widely from Arabia and eventually stretched from southeast Asia to West Africa
40
Buddhism Hearth and Diffusion
hearth in Ganga Plain | diffused gradually to Sri Lanka, southeast Asia, and eventual China and Japan
41
Hinduism Hearth and Diffusion
hearth in Punjab | diffused through India
42
cremation
practice of burning the dead | common with Hindus, Buddhists, Shintoists
43
Tibet
location of political conflict | atheist Chinese government is destroying Tibetan Buddhist monasteries and arresting its adherents
44
Northern Ireland
location of religious conflict | Protestants in N. Ireland want to stay part of UK and Roman Catholics want to be part of the Republic of Ireland
45
Ethnic Asian Religions
Shintoism Daoism Confucianism
46
Christian denominations in the US
``` Roman Catholic in Southwest and Northest Baptist in the South Methodist in the Mid-Atlantic Lutheran in the Upper Midwest Mormon in Utah ```
47
Zionism
movement to unite the Jewish people of the diaspora and establish a nation homeland for them in the promised land
48
Baha'i
universalizing religion practiced in parts of Africa and Asia similar to Sikhism in that both advocate elimination of religious differences
49
Coptic Church
Egyptian Church recognized by both Roman Catholic and Orthodox Church
50
Latter Day Saints
founded by Joseph Smith | implemented principles of Book of Mormon
51
Jewish Holidays
Sukkot: Festival of Tabernacles in October Yom Kippur: 10th day of the New Year Rosh Hashanah: Jewish New Year

AP Human Geography (10 decks)

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