Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP Human Geography > Population > Flashcards

Population Flashcards

1
Q

“S” Curve

A

the shape that a “J” curve becomes when considering Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

agricultural density

A

ratio of the number of farms to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

arithmetic density

A

the total number of people divided by the total land area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Boserup Hypothesis

A

the hypothesis that disagreed with Malthus and stated that increasing populations motivate improved agricultural technologies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

carrying capacity

A

capacity of an environment to support a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

census

A

a complete enumeration of a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

chain migration

A

process in which members of a family or a particular group migrate to the same locale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

chloropleth

A

type of map that uses various colors to show the variations in the levels of certain characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

circulation mobility

A

reoccurring mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cohort

A

population group unified by a specific common characteristic like age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

contagious diffusion

A

rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

counter-urbanization

A

interregional migration to rural areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CBR (crude birth rate)

A

total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

demographic transition

A

process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates to a condition of low crude birth and death rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

density

A

frequency of a characteristic in a given locale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

dependency ratio

A

the number of people in the workforce compared to the number outside the workforce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

diffusion

A

process of the spreading of a feature or trend from one place to another over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

distance decay

A

diminishing density of a characteristic in an outward direction from the core toward the periphery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

doubling time

A

number of years it takes the population to double

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ecumene

A

portion of the Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

epidemiologic transition

A

distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

expansion diffusion

A

spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

friction of distance

A

measure of how much distance discourage movement between places based on time, energy, or cost that must be expended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

GDI (gender related development index)

A

comparison measure in the male and female populations; calculated using income, literacy, education, life expectancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
gravity model
mathematical prediction of the interaction of places based on population size of the places and the distance between them
26
hierarchical diffusion
spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority to other persons or places
27
HDI (Human Development Index)
indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, life expectancy
28
IMR (infant mortality rate)
number of deaths of infants under one year of age compared to the number of live births per 1000 in an area
29
internal migration
human movement within a nation-state; example is westward and southward movement in the U.S.
30
internal refugees
people who have been displaced within their own countries and do not cross international borders as they flee
31
international refugees
people who have been displaced who have crossed one or more international boundaries
32
laws of migration
five laws that predict the flow of migrants 1. most migrants move only a short distance 2. process of absorption whereby peopled immediately surrounding rapidly growing region move in, leaving gaps, which are filled 3. process of dispersion which is the opposite of absorption 4. each migration flow produces compensating counter flow 5. long distance migrants go to one of the great centers of commerce and industry
33
life expectancy
the average number of years a person can be expected to live
34
migration
permanent relocation diffusion
35
migration transition
Zelinsky's explanation of migration patterns that correspond to the stages of demographic transition
36
mobility
movement of people from place to place
37
NIR (natural increase rate)
percentage growth rate of a population in a year; crude birth rate minus crude death rate
38
One Child Policy
China's anti-natalist policy
39
overpopulation
inability of the resources and economic system in an area to meet the needs of the population
40
pandemic
disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population
41
physiological density
number of people supported by a unit of arable land
42
population pyramid
bar graph showing population distribution by age and gender
43
pull factors
motivation to move to a place
44
push factors
motivation to move away from a place
45
relocation diffusion
movement of a characteristic through the movement of people
46
sex ratio
number of males per 100 females
47
sustainability
restraint in the use of natural resources to ensure enough resources remain for future generations
48
Thomas Malthus
predicted that food supplies would not be able to grow fast enough to keep up with population growth
49
TFR (total fertility rate)
average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years
50
ZPG (zero population growth)
decline in the total fertility rate to the point where natural increase rate (NIR) equals zero
51
Four Stages of Demographic Transition Model
``` One: Pre-Industrial / Traditional Society Two: Agricultural Society Three: Industrial Society Four: Tertiary or Service Based Society Five: CDR is Higher than CBR ```
52
DTM Stage One Characteristics
``` High CBR and CDR Low Life Expectancy Hunting and Gathering Food sources sporadic, not many children, high IMR No countries today in Stage One ```
53
DTM Stage Two Characteristics
High CBR (over 30) and Declining CDR (around 20) Increasing Life Expectacy Agriculture stabilities food production, diffusion of medicine and sanitation Primarily subsistence farming Rapid population increase, S-curve begins Many African nations still in Stage Two (Zambia)
54
DTM Stage Three Characteristics
``` Declining CBR and Low CDR High Life Expectancy Industrialization and increased technology Migration to cities Lower fertility rate ```
55
DTM Stage Four Characteristics
``` Low CBR and Low CDR High Life Expectancy Transition to service based economy Children become an economic liability Population high but static ```
56
NIC (newly industrialized country)
Movement from agricultural to industrial economy Stage in between DTM Stage Two and Three Increasing Life Expectancy
57
DTM Stage 1 Cause of Death
famine and pandemic
58
DTM Stage 2 Cause of Death
pandemics countered by medical technology
59
DTM Stage 4 Cause of Death
old age and man-made diseases
60
DTM Stage 1 Reason for Migration
move with the animals
61
DTM Stage 2 Reason for Migration
move to arable land
62
DTM Stage 3 Reason for Migration
move to cities
63
DTM Stage 4 Reason for Migration
move for better economic opportunity
64
Reason for gaps in population pyramid
war, disease, famine
65
Triangular population pyramid
fast growing | Laos, Mozambique
66
Extended triangle population pyramid
moderate growth | Mexico, Brazil
67
Column population pyramid
slow growth | United States, Uruguay
68
Most populous countries
``` China (1,372M) India (1,314M) United States (321M) Indonesia (256) Brazil (205) ```
69
High fertility rate countries
``` Niger South Sudan Congo Somalia Chad ```
70
Low fertility rate countries
``` Bosnia South Korea Portugal Taiwan Greece ```
71
epidemic
outbreak affects a large number of people in a region
72
pandemic
outbreak spreads to other regions around the world
73
endemic
disease that is particular to a region
74
agent
organism (worm, insect, virus) that infects people
75
vehicle
mechanical means for spreading disease (water, food)
76
reservoir
population contains a large number of hosts
77
vectored disease
disease carried from one host to the next by intermediate host
78
infectious disease
result from invasion of parasites | malaria, yellow fever, sleeping sickness
79
non-vectored infectious disease
passed by direct transmission bodily contact, food or water, air influenza, AIDS, cholera
80
chronic disease
disease of longevity or age | heart disease, cancer, stroke, lung disease
81
genetic disease
traced to genetic factors | Down's Syndrome, galactosemia

AP Human Geography (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions