Chapter 2: Lessons 2.2

Question 1

a4. _____ ORIGINATES from the LEGAL and ETHICAL RIGHT of the PATIENT to direct what happens to his BODY, or the PRINCIPLE OF AUTONOMY.

It provides a FULLY INFORMED PATIENT COMPLETE CONTROL over his health care, which includes what is done to his MIND and to his BODY.

Answer 1

Informed consent

Question 2

Purposes of the Informed Consent

• Provides LEGAL PROTECTION of a patient’s right to PERSONAL AUTONOMY

• Gives the patient an opportunity to AUTONOMOUSLY CHOOSE a course of action in regard to plans for health care. The choice includes the RIGHT TO REFUSE INTERVENTIONS OR RECOMMENDATIONS about care, and to choose from available THERAPEUTIC ALTERNATIVES.

• Serves as a form of EVIDENCE that protects physicians from MEDICAL MALPRACTICE

Question 3

Requisites of Informed Consent
1. _____ as to the proposed interventions.
2. _____
3. _____ The patient has the CAPACITY to make the consent (SOUND MIND and LEGAL AGE) with the following information disclosed and fully understood:
• RISKS involved in medical or nursing procedures
• HOW the procedure would be performed
• REASONABLE ALTERNATIVES
• NAME and QUALIFICATIONS of the person performing the procedure
• Knowledge that the client may REFUSE the procedure at any time even after initiation
• EXPECTED OUTCOMES and BENEFITS

Answer 3

SVI

SPECIFIC
VOLUNTARY
INFORMED

Question 4

Elements of an Informed Consent

_____: the NATURE OF THE CONDITION, the various options, potential risks, the professional’s recommendation, and the NATURE OF CONSENT AS AN ACT OF AUTHORIZATION.

_____: the physician provides information at a level that a REASONABLE PATIENT WOULD UNDERSTAND.

_____: no COERCION, MANIPULATION, or CONSTRAINTS is allowed; patient must practice SELF-DETERMINATION.

_____: takes into account EXPERIENCE, MATURITY, RESPONSIBILITY, INDEPENDENCE OF JUDGMENT.

_____: an AUTONOMOUS AUTHORIZATION of the medical intervention.

Answer 4

DUVCC

DISCLOSURE
UNDERSTANDING
VOLUNTARINESS
COMPETENCE
CONSENT

Question 5

Nurse’s Responsibility in Giving Informed Consent

• The nurse must VERIFY that the patient is aware of all OPTIONS, possible OUTCOMES of each option, and the LIKELY OUTCOME WITH NON-TREATMENT.

• The nurse must be SENSITIVE to the fact that signing a consent form may constitute COERCION.

• The nurse is an ADVOCATE for the patient to ensure AUTONOMOUS DECISION MAKING.

• The nurse must NOTIFY THE PHYSICIAN and request further information if the patient is not informed, or must stop the process.

• The nurse is ACCOUNTABLE in WITNESSING SIGNATURES.

• ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSES are accountable for PROVIDING INFORMATION and OBTAINING CONSENT for interventions they initiate under their SCOPE OF PRACTICE.

Question 6

a.5. _____ is the process by which people with the LEGAL RIGHT to consent to medical treatment for themselves or for a MINOR or a WARD DELEGATE that right TO ANOTHER PERSON.

Answer 6

Proxy consent

It’s when someone who legally has the right to give consent (like a parent for their child, or a guardian for their ward) passes that responsibility to another person to decide on medical treatment.

Question 7

Constraints (of proxy consent):

Answer 7

RLL

1. The person making the delegation must have the RIGHT TO CONSENT.
2. The person must be LEGALLY AND MEDICALLY COMPETENT.
3. The right must be delegated to a LEGALLY AND MEDICALLY COMPETENT ADULT.

Question 8

TYPES OF PROXY CONSENT FOR ADULTS

1. _____ – DELEGATES the RIGHT TO A SPECIFIC PERSON.
2. _____ – a WRITTEN DIRECTIVE for future care.

Answer 8

POWER OF ATTORNEY

LIVING WILL

Question 9

a.6. _____ is the right of a client not to have MEDICAL INFORMATION DISCLOSED without consent. Under HIPAA, a client’s information regarding medical treatment is PRIVATE and cannot be released without PERMISSION.

Answer 9

PRIVACY

Question 10

_____ is the RIGHT of an individual to have PERSONAL, IDENTIFIABLE MEDICAL INFORMATION KEPT PRIVATE.

_____ refers to COMPREHENSIVE, ACCURATE, OBJECTIVE TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION, as well as fostering the patient’s UNDERSTANDING.

_____ means nurses must be FAITHFUL to their PROMISES as professionals to provide COMPETENT, QUALITY CARE.

_____ entails obligations to act in a manner EQUITABLE, FAIR, CONSISTENT WITH RIGHTS OF THE INDIVIDUAL, ensuring patients are treated EQUALLY and not DISCRIMINATED AGAINST.

_____ means DO GOOD and promotes actions that BENEFIT the patient.

_____ means DO NO HARM. Actions should not cause UNNECESSARY HARM OR SUFFERING, physically or psychologically.

Answer 10

Confidentiality
Veracity
Fidelity
Justice
Beneficence
Non-maleficence

Question 11

1. _____
   • An act is foreseen to have BOTH GOOD AND BAD EFFECTS.

FOUR CONDITIONS:

1. Action must be MORALLY GOOD OR INDIFFERENT.
2. GOOD EFFECT must not come from EVIL EFFECT.
3. GOOD EFFECT WILLED, evil effect TOLERATED.
4. GOOD EFFECT ≥ EVIL EFFECT.

Answer 11

PRINCIPLE OF DOUBLE EFFECT

Question 12

2. _____
   • Occurs when an act ASSISTS someone in COMMITTING o a MORALLY EVIL ACT.

TYPES:
• _____: secondary agent WILLINGLY PARTICIPATES.
• _____: secondary agent does NOT WILLINGLY PARTICIPATE.
• _____: action DIRECTLY BOUND to evil act.
• _____: action NOT DIRECTLY BOUND to evil act.

Answer 12

FMIM

PRINCIPLE OF LEGITIMATE COOPERATION
- FORMAL COOPERATION
- MATERIAL COOPERATION
- IMMEDIATE
- MEDIATE/REMOTE

•	Formal = Willing partner in evil → always wrong.
•	Material = Not willing → depends on involvement.
•	Immediate = Directly connected.
•	Mediate = Indirect/remote connection.

Question 13

3. PRINCIPLE OF COMMON GOOD AND SUBSIDIARITY

In ordinary political discourse, the _____ refers to those FACILITIES—whether MATERIAL, CULTURAL OR INSTITUTIONAL—that the MEMBERS OF A COMMUNITY PROVIDE TO ALL MEMBERS in order to FULFILL A RELATIONAL OBLIGATION they all have to CARE for certain INTERESTS that they have in COMMON. Elsewhere in the Discourses, _____, _____, _____ are explicitly stated to be ELEMENTS OF THE COMMON GOOD.

_____ is a kind of SOCIOLOGICAL DISCIPLINE adhered to and ADVOCATED BY THE CHURCH. Its MORAL IMPLICATION is embedded in its meaning.

_____ means that what an INDIVIDUAL, LOWER OR SMALLER GROUP can achieve within HIS/HER OR ITS CAPACITY should NOT BE TAKEN AWAY and TRANSMITTED to the CUSTODY AND PERFORMANCE OF A HIGHER AND BIGGER GROUP.

Answer 13

COMMON GOOD
- FREEDOM, SAFETY AND DIGNITY (FSD)

SUBSIDIARITY

PRINCIPLE OF SUBSIDIARITY

• Common Good = for everyone’s benefit (FSD: freedom, safety, dignity).
• Subsidiarity = let smaller groups handle issues first; bigger groups help only if needed.