Chapter 2 - Personality In Sport

Question 1

What is personality ?

Answer 1

• stable & enduring modifiable & dynamic aspects of life
• how you typically behave; personality can change

Question 2

What are the characteristics of personality?

Answer 2

• psychological core
• typical responses
• role-related behaviour

Question 3

What is psychological core?

Answer 3

• refers to how you act; it is constant
• it is difficult to change

Question 4

What is typical responses ?

Answer 4

• refers to how we act in most situations

Question 5

What is role-related behaviour ?

Answer 5

• refers to how we act in particular role; not how we typically act but the role requires it
• it is dynamic; meaning it easy to change

Question 6

What are biological models?

Answer 6

• can predict personality
• different body types can have different personalities

Question 7

What is somatotypes?

Answer 7

• somatotypes = basic body types

Question 8

What are the 3 types of biological models?

Answer 8

• ectomorph
• mesomorph
• endomorph

Question 9

What is an ectomorph ?

Answer 9

• thin, long limbs
• introverted

Question 10

What is a mesomorph?

Answer 10

• broader body
• can probably put on muscle mass easier
• extroverted, confident, energetic

Question 11

What is an endomorph ?

Answer 11

• rounder, softer body
• self-concisions, less motivated, could potentially be lazy, probably nice

Question 12

What is the psychodynamic approach?

Answer 12

• places an emphasis on unconscious determinants of behaviour
• created by Freud, Jung, & Erickson

Question 13

What are the 3 types of behaviour in the psychodynamic approach?

Answer 13

• id (intrinsic drives)
• superego
• ego

Question 14

What is id?

Answer 14

• means instinctive drives
• what a person needs to be at their best for any situation

Question 15

What is a super ego?

Answer 15

• the ethical component of the personality that provides the moral standards by which the ego operates
• ones moral conscience

Question 16

What is ego?

Answer 16

• component of the personality that is represented by our conscious decision-making process
• the conscious personality

Question 17

What is trait theories?

Answer 17

• Finite set of human attributes account for differences
• Groups people with similar patterns of traits into categories
• Fundamentally units of personality (traits) are relatively stable

Question 18

What are the 5 big personality traits?

Answer 18

• extraversion
• agreeableness
• neuroticism
• conscientiousness
• openness to experience

Question 19

What is extraversion ?

Answer 19

• a measure of how energetic, sociable and friendly a person is
• sociability; you like being around others
• a peoples person

Question 20

What is agreeableness ?

Answer 20

• a personality trait that describes a person’s ability to put others needs before their own
• interpersonal style; how you interact with others, or care about things

Question 21

What is neuroticism?

Answer 21

• the trait disposition to experience negative affects, including anger, anxiety, self‐consciousness, etc.
• psychological distress; poor coping

Question 22

What is conscientious?

Answer 22

• the personality trait of being careful or diligent
• well organized, accurate

Question 23

What is openness to experience?

Answer 23

• Being intellectually curious and thirsty for knowledge
• more creative, flexible behaviour

Question 24

What is profile mood states (POMS)?

Answer 24

• measures the dimensions of mood swings over a period of time
• tension/anxiety, anger, activity
• athletes score lower on negative mood states & higher on psychic vigor

Question 25

What is humanistic theories ?

Answer 25

• Self concept; how individuals define & evaluate themselves

Question 26

What is behavioural theories ?

Answer 26

• environmental or situational influences determine behaviour
• individual differences due to learned pattern of behaviour
• i.e., could be in a bad mood, then it finishes after a certain activity

Question 27

What is the international model?

Answer 27

• situation & person are co-determinants of behaviour
• i.e., competitive athletes will push themselves out of their comfort zone, whereas some may decide to challenge themselves to something easier

Question 28

What is risk taking?

Answer 28

• narrowing the margin of safety physically & psychologically
• higher physiological activation
• more so males, however females do

Question 29

What is sensation seeking?

Answer 29

• the willingness to take risks for seeking varied, novel, complex, & intense sensations & experiences

Question 30

What is perfectionism ?

Answer 30

• a multidimensional personality trait that influences thought, emotions, & behaviour
• pure personal standards perfectionism = low evaluate concerns perfectionism & high personal standards perfectionism

Question 31

What is mental toughness?

Answer 31

• a set of positive characteristics that allow the person to cope with challenging situations to attain important achievement goals
• very strong self-confidence & motivation
• maintain or regain focus amidst distraction

Question 32

What is psychological measures ?

Answer 32

• Know the principles of testing & measurement error
• know your limitations
• do not use psychological tests for team selection
• include explanation & feedback