Chapter 15 - Physical Activity Interventions

Question 1

What is determinant research?

Answer 1

• examines the factors that affect exercise behaviour

Question 2

What are determinants?

Answer 2

• factors that predict exercise behaviour

Question 3

What are 6 determinant factors of exercise?

Answer 3

• genetic factors
• psychological factors
• social factors
• program factors
• environmental factors
• socioeconomic factors

Question 4

What is intervention research?

Answer 4

• research that evaluates how manipulating important factors identified through determinant research affects exercise behaviour

Question 5

What is outcome variable?

Answer 5

• a response that occurs as a consequence of being involved in physical activity

Question 6

What is outcome-based exercise research?

Answer 6

• research that develops interventions & tests whether or not they positively affect exercise behaviour

Question 7

What is treatment variable ?

Answer 7

• presented to an individual to see its effect on an outcome variable

Question 8

What is treatment-based exercise research?

Answer 8

• research that modifies an individuals life experiences through the use of physical activity

Question 9

What is theory-based research?

Answer 9

• interventions based on theoretically proposed relationships among constructs

Question 10

What is non-theory-based research?

Answer 10

• interventions that are not based on theoretically proposed relationships

Question 11

What are persuasive messages?

Answer 11

• behavioural change that provides specific belief-targeted information

Question 12

What is attitude change?

Answer 12

• specific techniques geared at changing the beliefs that an individual holds toward physical activity

Question 13

What are implementation intentions?

Answer 13

• mental associations between a situational cue & a specific behaviour

Question 14

What is action planning?

Answer 14

• intentions are translated into action when people specifically plan when, where, & how to execute the behaviour (schwarzer, 2008)

Question 15

What is barrier self-efficacy?

Answer 15

• confidence in ones ability to overcome barriers that may arise when participating in exercise

Question 16

What is scheduling self-efficacy?

Answer 16

• confidence in ones ability to plan & organize exercises in ones life

Question 17

What is task self-efficacy?

Answer 17

• confidence in ones ability to complete the exercise task

Question 18

What is exercise self-efficacy?

Answer 18

• Confidence in ones ability to engage in physical activity

Question 19

What is behavioural strategies?

Answer 19

• actions that an individual can do to increase the probability of engaging in PA

Question 20

What is self-regulation?

Answer 20

• behaviour is self-directed & is initiated, monitored, & evaluated by the individual in a way that is consistent with accomplishing goals

Question 21

What is behaviour monitoring?

Answer 21

• keeping track of exercise behaviour in a physical activity diary, chart & recording PA & related details

Question 22

What is stage-matching interventions?

Answer 22

• strategies that are sensitive to the specific needs of the individual within different stages of change according to the trans-theoretical model

Question 23

What is the trans-theoretical model (TTM)?

Answer 23

• individuals pass through district stages when attempting to change behaviours

Question 24

What are the 6 stages of the trans-theoretical model (TTM)?

Answer 24

• Pre-contemplation - “I won’t/I can’t”, “pros < cons”
• Contemplation - “I might”, “pros < cons”
• Preparation - “I will”, “pros = cons”
• Action - “I am”, “pros > cons”
• Maintenance - “I have”, “pros > cons”
• Termination

Question 25

What is autonomous ?

Answer 25

• individuals determine their own behaviour & not influenced by outside sources

Question 26

What is coping planning?

Answer 26

• strategies that are developed to effectively manage potentially problematic or challenging situations

Question 27

What is exergaming?

Answer 27

• physically active games that are played on gaming systems

Question 28

What is mass media campaigns ?

Answer 28

• interventions that attempt to reach large numbers of individuals simultaneously through public forums

Question 29

What is the expected outcome of the theory of blanked behaviour ?

Answer 29

• Belief that exercise will lead or will not lead to a given outcome

Question 30

What is the outcome value of the theory of planed behaviour?

Answer 30

• Positive or negative evaluation placed on the outcome
• How we feel about exercise will predict our intent to exercise

Question 31

What is subjective norm?

Answer 31

• Perceived pressures or support from individuals or groups to perform or not perform the behaviour
• A product of normative beliefs

Question 32

What is the strength component of subjective norm?

Answer 32

• Perceptions of expectations of important others

Question 33

What is perceived behavioural control?

Answer 33

A Product of:

• Control beliefs
• Facilitating & obstructing factors
• Perceived power of a control factor to facilitate or inhibit the behaviour
• How much control you believe you have over your behaviour
• All 3 effect our intention, which in the end effects our behaviour

Question 34

What are 5 stages of behaviour change?

Answer 34

• Identifying the Behaviour
• Identifying a Problem
• Desiring a Change
• Feeling Confident about a Change
• Doing it

Question 35

What is motivational interviewing?

Answer 35

• a method of communication used to help facilitate behaviour change by helping people consider their own reasons for wanting to engage in an new behaviour
• Empathizing with and empower the client to take steps towards change by affirming their strengths as well as the centrality of their initiative in lasting change

Question 36

What are 3 components of motivational interviewing?

Answer 36

• Client-centred
• A non-judgemental tone & attitude helps clients be more open about their “pros & cons”
• Focus on the stage that the client is on

Question 37

What is brownell et al example of motivational interviewing?

Answer 37

• Factor: Pre-intervention use of stairs - 5 to 6%, Use of stairs with sign displayed - 13 to 16%
• In a second study, brownell et al. Looked at the permanence of the behaviour change
• Results: 3 months after the sign was removed, behaviour went back to baseline level
• Overall: Match intervention to stage of change, Use techniques such as motivational interviewing to foster change, Use self-regulation and behavioural strategies, Alter the environment to decrease barriers to change